本文嘗試論証詩篇卷四包含一摩西詩組（90-100 篇），而且摩西詩歌傳統之影響遍及全卷，成為詩卷主要詮釋角度和框架。本文將於第一章先確立五經中的摩西詩歌傳統，探討其年代，描述其面貌和內容，及其中之摩西形象。然後，本文將確立卷四中的摩西詩組及其與五經中摩詩傳統的對應關係。透過第二章探討卷四中的摩西形象及其作用，本文確立了摩西詩組與申32-33章的對應關係和卷四的摩西傳統詮釋框架，而藉第三章探討卷四的結構，本文確立卷四是一經編修之詩集，結構嚴整，各詩的關連緊密，在表達詩卷訊息上各具功能，這就使摩西傳統的影響力遍佈全詩卷。第四章藉探討卷四中的大衛詩組和引用了三首卷四詩的代上16章，來看卷四中的摩西傳統，發現大衛詩組在卷四中不單在摩西傳統的籠罩之下，更是被擄後群體將信仰建基於摩西傳統並加回應的作品。而從歷代志的引用則可見當時摩西的詩歌傳統權威應已根深柢固，家喻戶曉，而詩篇卷四亦應起碼已具雛型。第五章是總結。本文對摩西在詩篇中的地位和重要性，詩篇正典的形成及其結構、訊息，摩西在五經以外希伯來經卷中的形象，經文間的對話（如詩篇與五經及歷代志的對話）等方面，應能帶來新的探討方向。 / In this thesis, it is argued that there exists a Mosaic Psalm group (Pss 90-100) in the Fourth Book of Psalms and the Book is under the influence of Mosaic Psalmic Tradition. Book Four is framed by this tradition and should be interpreted accordingly. It is argued in the first chapter that the Mosaic Psalmic Tradition is already established in the Pentateuch. Its date, composition, content and the Moses’ images therein are investigated. By exploring the Midrashic Tradition and the use of Psalm title, it is discussed in chapter two that Psalms 90-100 form a Mosaic Psalm group and it corresponds with Deut 33. Both of them are composed to respond to the Song of Moses (Deut 32). By exploring the use of Moses’ images in Book Four, it is proposed in chapter three that there is a Mosaic frame in Book Four by which the whole Book should be interpreted. In chapter four, by the analysis of the structure of Book Four, in which the three parts of it are closely tied together, it is demonstrated that the Mosaic influence permeates them. And by exploring the relation between Davidic and Mosaic Psalm groups, David’s image in Book Four, and the way 1 Chronicle 16 compose a new Psalm by using the three psalms in Book Four, it is discussed, in chapter five, that the Davidic Psalm group is used by the post-exilic congregation to respond to the tragedy of exile which has been proclaimed in Deut 32. And in the time of Chronicler, the Mosaic Psalmic Tradition is authoritative and the prototype of Book Four already exists. And chapter six is the conclusion. / This paper affirms the importance of Mosaic Tradition in Psalms (especially Book Four) and Psalmic worship, which has been neglected in the scholastic circle for a long time. It may also contribute to the studies of the formation, structure and message of the canonical Psalter. The discussion of the Mosaic images in the Hebrew Bible beyond the Pentateuch may also be enriched by this thesis. And the new trend of conversation between Biblical books may prove promising in this paper too. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 莫鉅智. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-237). / Abstracts also in English. / Mo Juzhi.

Textualism is the doctrine of statutory interpretation propounded by a small group of US federal court judges, including the late Justice Antonin Scalia. Whilst the doctrine has attracted a great deal of scholarly attention, few have considered its historical development. In this dissertation, textualism is analysed in order to uncover the core principles and sets of rules from which it is comprised. Then, the development of these principles and sets of rules is traced back through the treatises on statutory interpretation published in England and America in the Victorian era, which were well-known to and frequently cited by Justice Scalia. Textualism is revealed to be an Anglo-American doctrine that emerged over the course of the nineteenth century; and it was made explicit in the treatises on statutory interpretation, which developed via a transatlantic scholarly dialogue. The doctrine fell out of favour in the US as the nineteenth century drew to a close; and around the same time, the rule prohibiting recourse to legislative history, a core feature of textualism, became subject to significant judicial challenge in England. The matter was resolved by a landmark decision in 1906, after which time the doctrine became firmly entrenched in England until approximately the 1980s. Textualism's long tenure in England demonstrates how a doctrinal common law theory typical of the late Victorian era persisted for more than a century despite variations in judicial application of the rules from which the doctrine is comprised, criticism from within the legal community, and significant social change over time. The modern US revival of this doctrine is further testament to textualism's tenacity. Whilst many scholars have found the doctrine to be problematic, it has remained attractive to common law judges from the time of its emergence in the middle of the nineteenth century through to the present. This is so because textualism was developed and refined through doctrinal legal scholarship, and as a result, it is consistent with traditional common law modes of reasoning, and it is tailor-made to meet the needs of judges deciding cases.

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Iris Murdoch believes she writes in the English realist tradition and cites the creation of real characters as the main problem which confronts the modern novelist. Yet her own characterization, which this work explores (in relation to her aesthetics and moral philosophy) provides her greatest contribution to the development of the novel.An understanding of Murdoch's concept of characterization requires a knowledge of her philosophical heritage, its metaphysics, and consideration of the resulting theory of man with his capacity for reason, for communication, and for approaching truth. Accordingly, chapter I of this work introduces the critical writings which provide the theoretical background for Murdoch's characterization.Chapter II examines the factors which influence man's consciousness, thus establishing the difficulty which the change of consciousness proposed by Murdoch for moral development presents. These factors include the contingency of life, the loss of common religious background, man's historic past, and the inadequacy of language for communication.Chapter III considers the elements denoting man's moral status and development, as revealed through characterization, and concludes that Murdoch's characters reveal a degree of vision consistent with their moral status. Included here are characters from the twenty-one Murdoch novels who display six different levels of spiritual awareness: the Good, the nearly Good, the nice, the mediocre with knowledge, the fat egoists, and the black figures.Chapter IV considers the treatment of aesthetics and its relationship to moral philosophy within three novels which discuss writing, portrait painting, and the theatre at length: The Black Prince, The Sandcastle, and The Sea, The Sea.Finally, three appendices are intended to serve as useful sources for both Murdoch readers and scholars. Appendix A contains the bibliography of primary sources and some two hundred critical works about Murdoch's writing; Appendix B is a subject index for the topics common to the sources in the bibliography; Appendix C-is an annotated character index and guide for the twenty-one Murdoch novels to date.

The purpose of this study was to show five methods by which John Knoepfle effectively communicates aspects of place in his poetry. Analyses of many of Knoepfle's poems helped to reveal his techniques and vocabularies of place and to show how his uses of place are significant elements in the interpretations of his poems. He shows place through details of its physical properties; he repeats place terms in reference to the body; he gives a quality of time to dimensions of place; he uses nouns of place; and he puts place within the context of history.The first chapter of this study dealt with Knoepfle's uses of the details of physical place. It explored his method of enhancing each poem's portrayal of place through descriptions of the actual objects, landscapes, structures, and forms of the properties of locations. Knoepfle's definitions of places and portrayals of physical things which occupy these poetic locales were shown through the interpretation of phrases and words which were identified as keys to the reader's ability to view places as they are pictured in Knoepfle's poetry.The second chapter addressed Knoepfle's unique use of the body as a place. Not only the spirit but also the intellect and the flesh and blood are parts of the place which is the body, as Knoepfle describes by time. A place can be different to one's perception of it according to this concept in some of his poems. The body no longer is strictly outside of a place, but also is a place itself; and it is both an occupant of a place and a part of a place. This chapter investigated the paradox of the body's being both actor and spectator.Chapter Three reviewed the ways in which place is shown to be shaped the time of day or season of the year. A location during the early morning is not the same place as it is during the afternoon; nor is a midwinter location the same place as it is during the end of summer. This chapter demonstrated, through examinations of certain Knoepfle poems, that specific words used by Knoepfle actually portray and develop a sense of time for a reader of Knoepfle's temporally depicted poetry.The fourth chapter was concerned with Knoepfle's use of nouns to signify places and the qualities of places. In order to locate places and to make their existence more understandable, Knoepfle was shown as having used both proper and common nouns to define these locations. This chapter consisted of explications of many of Knoepfle's naming poems. Attention to nouns of place was emphasized. Various enhancing definitions of places achieved through the use of both concrete and abstract nouns were investigated.The fifth and final chapter was a study of Knoepfle's uses of histories of places in order to create more definite poetic renditions of them. As in the present, places also change with the passage of years, of centuries. Several Knoepfle poems were studied in this chapter to show how his uses of history are significant in representing places.A complement to this study was an extensive bibliography of Knoepfle's published works, plus writing about Knoepfle by critics, reviewers, editors, and other poets. This bibliography was added to serve as a checklist for persons who desire to pursue their own interests in John Knoepfle as a poet, essayist, and teacher.

In each of her Canadian-set novels, Margaret Laurence features a female protagonist searching for her identity. Hagar, in The Stone Angel; Rachel, in A Jest of God; Stacey, in The Fire-Dwellers; and Morag, in The Diviners--each one, in her own way and with a different degree of success, attempts to discover who she is and what her life means. Through these characters, Laurence expresses her faith in the power of language, for it is at least partly through language that each achieves her measure of victory and comes to terms with herself and her life.For Hagar Shipley, words used precisely, cleverly, and artistically constitute a source of pleasure and pride. Yet Hagar often uses language to assert her superiority and otherwise to distance herself from others and from life. Her epiphany arrives late, but not too late for her to speak at least once "the heart's truth." Rachel Cameron, like Hagar, demonstrates a keen sensitivity to language. Rachel, however, listens to the words and voices which she hears in an effort not to control others but to discover an authentic voice, and thus an identity, of her own. As she learns to speak of herself to others, she also learns that disclosure is not always necessary, for silence can heal as well as threaten.Rachel's sister Stacey also learns to accept silence. Terrified by the violence of modern life, Stacey seeks to build bridges between herself and those she loves. Her frequent failures to communicate lead her to question the efficacy of language, but in the end she affirms language as a means of communication as she also comes to see that "the silences aren't all bad." Her conclusions are shared by Morag Gunn, who has as a successful "wordsmith" made words her life, yet who has learned to accept occasional silences. Morag's relationships with others and her achievements as a novelist have convinced her of the power, as well as the limitations, of language, a conviction that we can assume her creator, Margaret Laurence, shares.

Zugl.: München, Hochsch. für Musik und Theater, Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2008

The large amounts of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data now being generated demand automatic tools for image interpretation. Where available, map data provides a valuable aid for visual interpretation and it should aid automatic interpretation. Automatic map based interpretation will be heavily dependent on methods for matching image and map features, both for defining the initial registration and for comparing image and map. This thesis investigates methods for carrying out this matching. Before beginning to develop image map matching methods, a full understanding of the nature of SAR data is first required. The general theory of SAR imaging, the effects of speckle and texture on image statistics, multi-look image statistics, and parameter estimation, are all discussed before addressing the main subject matter. Initially the feasibility of directly matching map features to SAR image features is investigated. Simulations based on a simple image model produce promising results. However, the results of matching features in real images are disappointing. This is due to the limitations of the image model on which matching is based. Possible extensions to include texture and correlation are considered to be computationally too expensive. Rather, it is concluded that pre-processing is needed to structure the image prior to matching. Structuring using edge detection and segmentation are investigated. Among operators for detecting edges in SAR an operator based on intensity ratios is identified as the most suitable. Its performance is fully analysed. Segmentation using an iterative edge detection/segment growing algorithm developed at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment is investigated and various improvements are suggested. The output of segmentation is structured to a higher level than the output of edge detection. Thus the former is the more suitable candidate for map matching. Approaches to matching segmentations to map data are discussed.