The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers. / Four trap types were used to trap boll weevils at 1 m heights, with and without grandlure, and 2 trap types were compared at 0.5 m height, with and without grandlure. The results indicate trap height may be an important factor in boll weevil catches at certain times during the cotton season. Also trap color, design and other factors may influence trap catches since traps not baited with grandlure caught high numbers of boll weevils during certain times during the cotton growing season.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers. / The sweet potato whitefly and banded winged whitefly overwinter and build up in the spring on globe mallow, cheeseweed, and alfalfa in the Tempe, Arizona area. During 1984, the banded winged whitefly was observed to be more abundant on these weeds than the sweet potato whitefly.

The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers. / Cotton was treated at the pinhead square stage with Orthene to prevent boll shed caused by thrips and Lygus. Yield results showed no statistically significant differences, even though yield trends indicated a decrease in the treated plots compared to the check. Severe pressure from Heliothus later in the season and the yield trends would indicate that the insecticide treatment effect on the beneficial insects was more important than its effect on thrips and Lygus.

Cotton aphids. Aphis gossypii. from a source near Phoenix. AZ were found to have an optimal developmental temperature of 27.5 °C with a developmental time of 5 days. Fecundity was optimal at 25 °C with 2.85 mean nymphs/day. Both development and fecundity were linear. The optimal temperature for fecundity was higher than those previously reported for cotton aphids in more moderate climates.

Direct-observation studies were conducted to identify causes and estimate rates of mortality of whiteflies over the course of four generations between late June to early September in replicated experimental plots. In plots receiving no whitefly insecticides. predation and dislodgment were major sources of egg and nymphal mortality and overall survival from egg to adult ranged from 1-8.5%. Similar patterns were observed in plots treated with insect growth regulators. except that Knack caused high levels of egg inviability and Applaud was a major source of mortality in small nymphs during the second generation immediately following single applications of these materials. Mortality due to predation was generally lowest for eggs and nymphs in plots treated with a rotation of conventional insecticides reflecting disruption of the predator fauna. Parasitism was a very minor source of mortality throughout. The selective action of the IGRs enhances the abundance and activity of natural enemies resulting in high levels of whitefly control with minimal use of disruptive insecticides. Natural enemies likely contribute to the "extended" residual effects of IGRs so commonly reported by growers.

No description available.

Random Forests (RF) (Breiman 2001; Breiman and Cutler 2004) is a completely nonparametric statistical learning procedure that may be used for regression analysis and. A feature of RF that is drawing a lot of attention is the novel algorithm that is used to evaluate the relative importance of the predictor/explanatory variables. Other machine learning algorithms for regression and classification, such as support vector machines and artificial neural networks (Hastie et al. 2009), exhibit high predictive accuracy but provide little insight into predictive power of individual variables. In contrast, the permutation algorithm of RF has already established a track record for identification of important predictors (Huang et al. 2005; Cutler et al. 2007; Archer and Kimes 2008). Recently, however, some authors (Nicodemus and Shugart 2007; Strobl et al. 2007, 2008) have shown that the presence of categorical variables with many categories (Strobl et al. 2007) or high colinearity give unduly large variable importance using the standard RF permutation algorithm (Strobl et al. 2008). This work creates simulations from multiple linear regression models with small numbers of variables to understand the issues raised by Strobl et al. (2008) regarding shortcomings of the original RF variable importance algorithm and the alternatives implemented in conditional forests (Strobl et al. 2008). In addition this paper will look at the dependence of RF variable importance values on user-defined parameters.

Primary teachers are constantly required to make changes in their teaching practice. This thesis reports on a year in the professional life of two experienced primary school teachers as they engage in implementing a new science program called Primary Investigations (Australian Academy of Science, 1994). The study examined the issues that arose as the two adapted the strategies and philosophies of the new program into their pre-existing pedagogical frameworks. The study used qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. Over ten months of participant observation several stories or narrative vignettes were created to highlight the major issues faced by the two teachers. These stories were then analysed to identify several propositions about curriculum implementation and primary science. The narrative vignettes provide descriptive accounts around several implementation issues. The two teachers experienced some problems with the supply of equipment to support their teaching and lacked the subject knowledge to identify when the equipment was inadequate. The teachers had high expectations of the teachers' resource book but a lack of science content knowledge hindered their ability to use the document with confidence. While the teachers believed that science is important for children they lacked the confidence and questioning skill to engage the students in 'science talk'. 10 teachers were able to transfer pedagogical knowledge from other disciplines 0 overcome some of the dilemmas they faced in science lessons. Both teachers displayed a strong 'ethic of care’ for the children in their class that covered gaining knowledge, behaviour towards others and safety during science lessons. / There was evidence that the past experience of both teachers in their childhood and educational years had been influential in their beliefs about their interest and ability to teach science. The two teachers' personal and professional lives interacted in complex ways as they adjusted to the demands of the school year and the impact of implementing the new science program. Finally the two teachers lacked certainty in science teaching - they experienced epistemological confusion in their understanding of the nature of science. These issues lead to several implications for primary teachers of science, teacher educators, school leaders and curriculum developers.

In recent years Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been extensively used in the study of the indoor environment and the thermal comfort conditions for the design of modern buildings, however, there remains the need to thoroughly evaluate the accuracy of the results given by CFD methods. In the present work, numerical investigations of the indoor thermal environment in the atria of two existing buildings and in a simple three-storey atrium building design have been undertaken using CFD techniques. The initial work involved the evaluation of various turbulence models and a radiation model used in CFD simulations for the prediction of the thermal environment in atria of different geometrical configurations in two buildings for which experimental data is available. The airflow patterns and temperature distributions were determined, under both forced and hybrid ventilation conditions and thermal comfort conditions were evaluated. The numerical predictions were compared with the available experimental measurements and, in general, good agreement was obtained between the numerical and experimental results. After the evaluation of the adequacy of available turbulence models and the validation of the accuracy of the CFD model used, a simple full-scale three-storey atrium building was modeled to explore the potential of using buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. The validated CFD model was used to determine the ventilation flow rates, airflow patterns, and temperature distributions in the building. The dynamic effect of the thermal mass of the external walls on the performance of the building was also investigated using transient CFD simulations. Atria with various geometrical configurations were studied in order to investigate the effect of atrium design changes on the air flow and temperature distributions in the simple atrium building considered. A parametric study was carried out to assess the sensitivity of the ventilation performance to the change in various geometric and solar parameters. On the basis of this parametric study, a few changes were carried out in the design of the building to examine their effect on ventilation performance. Finally, the use of night ventilation in the atrium building was explored and it was found that night ventilation can be increased by using hot water circulation in the chimney walls. / Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-07-22 12:57:00.947

Thesis--University of Michigan Law School. / At head of title: Legislative Research Center, the University of Michigan Law School. Includes bibliographical references.