Chapter 1 shows how an elite can turn an institution from being inclusive to extractive, in the context of the European Union’s free movement of persons (FMP). In an international labour market, integrated by FMP across a number of member countries, we consider expansion of the market through the addition of new members. Each member government can control only immigration from non-members. The main result is that if new members are decreasing in total factor productivity, then expansion at first benefits but later hurts workers, while first hurting but later benefiting an economic elite, and benefiting a political elite throughout. Chapter 2 shows how a government sets immigration policy in the presence of entrepreneurs who undertake investment. The government and the entrepreneurs negotiate to determine the quota of immigration and the amount of contribution to be paid to the government. We also show how a government may be willing to tie its hands to an institution that constrains the immigration policy it can set. We identify conditions such that by tying its hands to such an institution, the government can increase investment in the economy. Chapter 3 analyses the effect of public good provision on the location choice of immigrants in the UK. In particular, we investigate the impact of a change in the number of schools on the location choice of immigrants by exploiting an exogenous shock provided by the Academies Act of 2010. We first employ a difference-in-difference strategy to analyse the effect of the Academies Act on immigration levels by comparing North West England and Wales, since the act was only applicable to England. In a separate analysis, we estimate a discrete choice model to examine the location choice of immigrants using a panel data of London boroughs. This model reports that a 1% increase in the number of schools in a London borough increases the number of immigrants by 1.4%, on average.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-14T14:30:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Zenilda da Silva Sena.pdf: 811940 bytes, checksum: c5b691437bb9c41168018f5554941049 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-18T17:47:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Zenilda da Silva Sena.pdf: 811940 bytes, checksum: c5b691437bb9c41168018f5554941049 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-18T17:51:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Zenilda da Silva Sena.pdf: 811940 bytes, checksum: c5b691437bb9c41168018f5554941049 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-18T17:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Zenilda da Silva Sena.pdf: 811940 bytes, checksum: c5b691437bb9c41168018f5554941049 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / Não informada / This work has for objective to understand as the relationship between investments in education influence the increase of the per capita income of the population of a State. The work tells the evolution of the education, at a first moment in Brazil in a general way and at a second moment in Amazon that is our focus of research. The work shows the evolution of the education since the times of the Jesuits until the decade of 90. Always come back toward the elites in detriment of the poor of the region North. It analyzes in table form the variables of an bad distribution of income what it affects the low income populations significantly. It was evidenced through the research, that the increase of the offspring is related with low the education. During the elaboration of this, it perceived that the evolution of the education if gave at some moments, but in all they, walked the slow steps. We could perceive that, the theory of the human capital is preponderant factor in the companies. The analysis shows to the end, that a studied individual has greaters possibilities of superior profits that the individual that does no have. As consequence, the State also gains with this increase of the per capita income through the production and concentration of wealth (PIB). The work had the objective to disclose and understanding as the investments in education can influence the life of the citizen. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer a relação entre investimentos em educação e aumento da renda da população e ao mesmo tempo analisar de que maneira esses fatores influenciam o aumento da renda per capita da população de um Estado. O trabalho relata a evolução da educação, num primeiro momento no Brasil de uma maneira geral e num segundo momento no Amazonas que é o nosso foco de pesquisa. O trabalho mostra a evolução da educação desde os tempos dos Jesuítas até a década de 90. Sempre voltada para as elites em detrimento dos mais pobres da região Norte. Analisa em forma de tabelas e gráficos as variáveis de uma má distribuição de renda o que afeta significativamente as populações de baixa renda. Constatou-se através das pesquisas, que o aumento da prole está relacionado com a baixa escolaridade. Percebeu-se durante a elaboração deste, que a evolução da educação se deu em vários momentos, mas em todos eles, caminhou a passos lentos. Pudemos perceber que, a teoria do capital humano é fator preponderante nas empresas. A análise mostra ao final, que o indivíduo que tem mais conhecimento tem maiores possibilidades de ganhos superiores que o indivíduo que não tem. Consequentemente, o Estado também ganha com esse aumento da renda per capita através da produção e concentração de riquezas (Produto Interno Bruto). O trabalho teve o objetivo de desvelar e compreender como os investimentos em educação podem influenciar a vida do cidadão.