M.A. / The first section relates to the period of the 18th century Europe, during which the Enlightenment movement matured, followed by the description of the process of how the new philosophy of the Enlightenment affected the united orthodox countries of the Balkans.The reaffirmation which these ideas brought to the Mediterranean in the context of intellectual, social and political life, contributed to the formation of the Modern Greek Enlightenment period, which resulted in the creation of the modern political Greek state. In the second section, the aims of the Education are presented, in the state of the Hellenic Education is shown during the period of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. The education struggle, together with other sectors, prepared the Hellenes, intellectually, morally, and socially to undertake the liberation struggle of 1821. The third section deals with the life of Ioannis Kapodistrias with reference to his youth studies and early activities. Thereafter, follows and analysis of the political, social and intellectual state of the Ionian Islands during the period of the Modern Greek Enlightenment. The free Eptanisa State, where Ioannis Kapodistrias revealed his political aptitude and diplomatic abilities, is also examined. Particular emphasis is given to Ioannis Kapodistrias’s efforts and endeavours for education in the Ionian State. This effort culminated in the establishment and functioning of the Tenedos College. The section ends with the departure of Ioannis Kapodistrias for Petroupolis (Saint Petersburg). The fourth section initially deals with the development of the diplomatic career of Ioannis Kapodistrias in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Russia, which was interrupted by the Greek Revolution and after unsuccessfully exhausting all efforts to involve tsar Alexandros I in action against Turkey. After his final resignation in 1827, Ioannis Kapodistrias accepts Greece’s appeal to involve himself actively in the revolution. The fourth section includes, as well, Kapodistrias’s educational policy and activities during this period. This valuable developments result in the establishment of the Filomoussos Society of Vienna whose goal was to educate the Hellenic youth of the time and also to emphasize Greece’s national problem. The fifth section refers to the nationalistic visions of Ioannis Kapodistrias regarding the political restoration of the Hellenes, as well as to his educational policies, his legacy to the Hellenic Nation and the recognition of his contribution.