Today hundreds of millions of users are interconnected by communication channels allowing them to communicate and to share information. These users and the devices that interconnect them are what constitute the Internet. The Internet is a network of networks with a myriad of computer devices, including smartphones, game consoles (handheld/stationary), IP televisions, tablet computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, palmtop computers, etc. This network of computers flourishes because of careful planning and maintenance by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), backbone network operators, and others. An additional factor that enables the Internet to operate is the four logical layers of abstraction in the TCP/IP protocol stack. One of these layers is the layer responsible for the transfer of datagrams/packets from one host to another. This layer is known as the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. However, as originally conceived a 32 bit address was thought to be more than enough. The space of IP addresses was distributed among different regions rather disproportionately, driven largely by the numbers of addresses that were requested (ordered in time). Today after a series of inventions in the field (such as the world wide web) and a rapid growth in the number of devices that wish to connect to the Internet the available unassigned address space has largely been depleted. Regions with large populations, but with few assigned blocks of IP addresses have begun to exhaust all their assigned addresses, while other regions face the same fate in a few months. The need for a larger address space was predicted years ago and the next generation addressing scheme was devised as part of the development of Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Countries such as China and India had few IPv4 addresses and they have been forced to transition to IPv6 rather quickly. Today a significant number of the users in these countries are unable to communicate over IPv4 networks. The purpose of this thesis project is to discuss the transition to IPv6 and the transition to this new addressing scheme. IPv6 provides a much larger address space, along with a number of additional improvements in comparison to the previous version of IP (i.e., IPv4). Despite the advantages of adopting IPv6, the incentive to transition is low amongst well established businesses, especially those in regions that received a considerable number of IPv4 addresses initially. Instead different techniques have been employed in these places to mitigate the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. It is also probable that this reluctance is a way to keep competing businesses out of the market for a while longer. This thesis aims to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. / Miljontals användare är idag sammankopplade genom kommunikationskanaler som tillåter utbyte av information. Datornätet Internet utgörs av dessa användare och de enheter som sammanbinder dem. Internet är ett nätverk av nätverk med en myriad av olika datorutrustning såsom; spelkonsoler, smartphones, bärbara datorer, stationära datorer, handdatorer, även IPTV, kylskåp, tvättmaskiner, osv. Detta nätverk blomstrar på grund av noggrann planering och underhåll av internetleverantörer, nätoperatörer och andra. En ytterligare faktor som gör det möjligt för Internet att fungera är de fyra logiska skikt av abstaktion i TCP/IP-protokollstacken, en standard för datakommunikation. Ett av dessa skikt ansvarar för överföring av datapaket från en ändpunkt till en annan. Detta skikt är kallad Internet Protocol(IP) layer. Ursprungligen ansågs en 32-bitars adress vara mer än tillräcklig. Dessa IP-adresser delades ut till olika regioner rätt så oproportionerligt till stor del beroende på antalet adresser en region begärt. Idag efter en rad uppfinningar inom området(såsom webben/world wide web) och en snabb tillväxt i antal enheter som önskar ansluta sig till Internet är det tillgängliga adressutrymmet i stort sett slut. Regioner med stor befolkning men med få tilldelade block av IP-addresser har börjat göra slut på sina tilldelade adresser medan andra regioner står inför samma öde inom några månader. Behovet av ett större adressrymd sågs flera år sedan och nästa generations addresseringsschema utformades som en del av utveckligen, Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6). Länder som Kina och Indien hade ett fåtal IPv4-adresser och de har varit tvungna att övergå till IPv6 ganska snabbt. Idag kan inte ett stort antal användare i dessa länder kommunicera över IPv4-nätverk. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att diskutera övergången till IPv6 samt övergången till detta nya adresseringsschema. IPv6 ger en mycket större adressrymd samt en rad ytterligare förbättringar i jämförelse med den tidigare versionen av IP(dvs IPv4). Trots fördelarna med att övergå till IPv6 är viljan låg bland väletablerade företag, särskilt i regioner som mottagit ett stort antal IPv4-adresser från början. Dessa regioner tillämpar istället olika tekniker för att bromsa utmattningen av IPv4-adresser. Det är också troligt att denna motvija är ett sätt att hålla konkurrerande företag från marknaden ett tag till. Detta examensarbete syftar till att underlätta övergången från IPv4 till IPv6.

Den här uppsatsen går teoretiskt och praktiskt igenom IPv6 för att skapa en förståelse för det nya protokollet. Uppsatsen beskriver utöver den teoretiska genomgången av protokollet även det praktiska arbete som ligger bakom implementationen som är tänkt att kunna ge såväl privatpersoner som mindre organisationer tillgång till en säker IPv6 lösning även om Internetleverantören endast kan erbjuda IPv4.   Arbetet är gjort på eget initiativ då behovet av kunskap kring IPv6 växer lavinartat och då privatpersoner troligen kommer att vara bland de sista som erbjuds IPv6 direkt från sin Internetleverantör. / This paper takes a theoretical as well as a practical approach to what IPv6 is in order to create an understanding for the new protocol. In addition to the theoretical review of the protocol, this paper also describes the work that has been done in order to create an implementation that is supposed to bring  secure IPv6 support to both private individuals and smaller organizations, even if the Internet service provider only offers IPv4.   This paper and implementation is done on a personal initiative, since the need for knowledge regarding IPv6 is rapidly increasing and private individuals probably will be among the last to be offered native IPv6 support from their Internet service providers.

This thesis is focused on structure of future IPv6 routing tables. It contains basic information about IPv6 addresses , description of hierarchy address allocation, multihoming , strategy of IPv4/IPv6 address allocation, statistics of structure properties at routing tables and forecast of future space for address IPv6 protocol. Other part of this thesis is implementation of IPv6 address generator which generates addresses according given configuration. This thesis simultaneously includes investigation of strategy IPv6 address allocation at region of RIPE NCC organization.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência Da Computação, 2015. / A Internet tem crescido exponencialmente desde a sua implantação comercial em meados de 1980. A pilha de protocolo TCP / IP foi projetada para permitir a comunicação entre os hosts através de redes. Na sua versão 4, o protocolo IP foi capaz de suportar o crescimento da Internet até ao presente momento, mas o seu endereçamento de 32 bits está esgotado, e não há mais endereços disponíveis para uma redistribuição. Além deste fato, há o conceito de utilização de dispositivos com suporte a mobilidade, uma realidade que requer soluções robustas e acessíveis. Esse assunto é o cerne do desenvolvimento deste trabalho. O problema abordado nesta pesquisa é como implementar o protocolo IPv6 em uma rede corporativa, seguindo as normas, sem interferir com a sua capacidade operacional e fazer uso deste recurso de mobilidade, dando condições para alcançar uma otimização na transmissão de dados entre as Organizações Militares (OM ), distribuídas por todo o país, realizando uma análise a respeito tanto a migração do IPv4 para o IPv6 nas infra-estruturas de rede do Exército Brasileiro, com foco em mobilidade no âmbito deste novo protocolo. Este trabalho pretende alertar os envolvidos nos setores brasileiros de tecnologia do Exército sobre o atraso atual em relação ao resto do mundo na adoção deste protocolo, estreitar o ponto sob conceitos de mobilidade para comunicação, seus laços dando uma atenção especial que com este aplicação, todo o pessoal poderia ser capaz de se conectar em diferentes organizações militares, usando suas credenciais de sua organização, permitindo que um único registro pode ser usado em diferentes pontos sem perda ou restrição de qualquer acesso aos serviços. Através do estudo e análise das normas e requisitos de transição do IPv4 para o IPv6, bem como o uso de IPv6 móvel, este estudo se concentra na identificação configurações físicas e lógicas que podem apoiar ou impedir a sua correta aplicação por meio de um ambiente simulado em uma organização específica exército brasileiro descrito como uma prova de conceito. Este ambiente teve uma análise topológica e verificação das métricas de QoS das aplicações instaladas sobre o meio ambiente e com isso foi possível avaliar a sua viabilidade e impacto sobre os ambientes envolvidos. / The Internet has grown exponentially since its commercial deployment in the middle of 1980's. The stack of TCP / IP protocol was designed to enable communication between hosts over networks. In its version 4, the IP protocol was able to support the growth of the Internet until the present time, but its 32-bit addressability is exhausted, and there is no more addresses available to be redistributed. In addition to this fact there is the concept of using devices with mobility support, a reality that requires robust and affordable solutions. That subject is the core of the development of this work. The problem addressed in this research is how to deploy IPv6 protocol in a corporate network by following the standards, without interfering with its operational capacity and make use of this mobility feature, giving conditions to achieve an optimization in data transmission between the Military Organizations (OM), distributed all over the country, performing an analysis regarding both the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 in the Brazilian Army network infrastructures, focusing on under this new protocol mobility. This work intend to alert those involved in Brazilian Army technology sectors about the current delay in relation to the rest of the world in the adoption of this protocol, narrow the point under concepts of mobility to communication, their ties giving an special attention that with this implementation, all personnel could be able to connect in different military organizations, using their credentials from their organization, allowing a single register can be used in different points without loss or restriction of any access to services. Through the study and analysis of standards and requirements of transition from IPv4 to IPv6, as well as the use of mobile IPv6, this study is focused on identifying physical and logical configurations that may support or prevent the its correct implementation by using an simulated environment in an specific Brazilian Army organization described as a Proof of Concept. This environment had a topological analysis and verification of QoS metrics of applications installed on the environment and with this was possible to assess their feasibility and impact on the involved environments.

Estágio realizado no INESC - Porto e orientado pelo Prof. Doutor Ricardo Morla / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores - Major Telecomunicações. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

<p>Westermo is a company that develops industrial standardized network equipment for harsh environments. Our task was to help the company prepare for future demands regarding IP communication. Westermo has customers and branches around the world, in order to meet market demands and competitor development IP version 6 support is of great interest.Next generation of IP communication is IPv6 and to prepare for the future and present market demands IPv6 support is needed in Westermo´s products. This thesis assignment is meant to investigate and give a proof of concept solution for basic IPv6 support in Westermo Operating System (WeOS).The areas of interest this thesis involves are IP settings and routing support. IP settings include ability to activate IPv6, assigning address to interface and related tasks. Routing support imply creation of routes and default-gateway, that gives the switches basic IPv6 routing capabilities. Switches should be capable of sending IPv6 router advertisement messages, and perform static IPv6 routing.Performing changes in IPv6 support means that modifications in the Command Line Interface (CLI)-context are necessary, in order to make configuration user-friendly. Therefore a proposed extension of the CLI-syntax is required. Implementations of the proposed CLI-syntax are done into Westermo´s main operating system WeOS.Our work has fulfilled the general expectations and placed a foundation for IPv6 support. Through proof of concept tests and implementations, WeOS is close to reach and meet the primary functionality with IPv6.Westermo is a company that develops industrial standardized network equipment for harsh environments. Our task was to help the company prepare for future demands regarding IP communication. Westermo has customers and branches around the world, in order to meet market demands and competitor development IP version 6 support is of great interest.Next generation of IP communication is IPv6 and to prepare for the future and present market demands IPv6 support is needed in Westermo´s products. This thesis assignment is meant to investigate and give a proof of concept solution for basic IPv6 support in Westermo Operating System (WeOS).The areas of interest this thesis involves are IP settings and routing support. IP settings include ability to activate IPv6, assigning address to interface and related tasks. Routing support imply creation of routes and default-gateway, that gives the switches basic IPv6 routing capabilities. Switches should be capable of sending IPv6 router advertisement messages, and perform static IPv6 routing.Performing changes in IPv6 support means that modifications in the Command Line Interface (CLI)-context are necessary, in order to make configuration user-friendly. Therefore a proposed extension of the CLI-syntax is required. Implementations of the proposed CLI-syntax are done into Westermo´s main operating system WeOS.Our work has fulfilled the general expectations and placed a foundation for IPv6 support. Through proof of concept tests and implementations, WeOS is close to reach and meet the primary functionality with IPv6.</p>

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