Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 56 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-45).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 104 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 27, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Aug. 26, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Two clinical trials investigating the effect of modulating two dietary components, tea containing polyphenols and vitamin D aimed at improving non-haem iron absorption and iron status recovery, were carried out in a cohort of healthy and iron deficient UK women, respectively. Tea has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of non-haem iron absorption but it remains unclear whether the timing of tea consumption relative to a meal influences iron bioavailability, with limited published evidence, especially in human trials. The aim of the first study was to investigate the effect of tea consumption on non-haem iron absorption and to assess the effect of time interval of tea consumption on non-haem iron absorption relative to an iron-containing meal, in a cohort of healthy female participants using a stable iron isotope (57Fe).

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Jason Griffin / Chad T. Miller / Oak trees (Quercus L.) and river birch (Betula nigra L.) are two horticulturally significant crops widely used in landscapes but notorious for developing iron (Fe) induced interveinal foliar chlorosis (IFC) in alkaline soils. Variation in IFC has been observed between species of oak and provenances of river birch suggesting that species and provenances endemic to alkaline soils do not always display this chlorosis. Limited studies investigating the effect of elevated pH on oak and river birch have been conducted. More environmentally tolerant and aesthetically pleasing selections could be used if they are first screened to determine their adaptability to high pH soils. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate Texas red oak (Quercus buckleyi Nixon and Dorr) and Durand oak [Quercus sinuata Walter var. breviloba (Torr.) C.H. Mull.] with landscape collections of pin oak (Quercus palustris L.) to determine the extent of IFC when grown at elevated pH. When grown in an elevated pH substrate, pin oak was unable to maintain elevated leaf total leaf Fe concentrations, consistently developed IFC, and exhibited low total leaf chlorophyll concentrations compared to non-chlorotic pin oak seedlings in the control pH substrate. Texas red oak and Durand in the elevated substrate did not develop IFC and maintained high leaf chlorophyll concentrations compared to controls; they also sequestered greater amounts of substrate Fe in leaves compared to pin oak in the elevated substrates. Another crop of ornamental significance and widely planted in the landscape, river birch (Betula nigra L.), develops IFC in high pH soils. Two experiments evaluated river open- pollinated (OP) seedlings of Iowa provenances, OP ‘BNMTF, and clones from selected Iowa provenances, ‘BNMTF’, ‘Cully’ in an elevated pH substrate. A seed source from Bearbower Sand Prairie, Buchanan Co., IA (BSP3) had greater leaf chlorophyll than ‘BNMTF’OP, and a clone from Clemons Creek WMA, Washington Co., IA (CCWMA3) than the trade standard ‘Cully’. Although differences in total leaf chlorophyll were observed, all sources in elevated pH substrate did not sequester sufficient amounts of leaf Fe compared to their controls. Field evaluations with considerations of provenance performance in different hardiness zones should be used to determine the potential of these Iowa sources as more suitable selections for use in landscapes with alkaline soils.

Class of 2008 Abstract / Objectives: To examine the utilization of the various laboratory tests in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia and determine the proportion of patients receiving unnecessary iron supplementation. Methods: Included in the descriptive study were 126 adult patients with a diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia determined by ICD9 codes at the University Medical Center (UMC) in Tucson, AZ. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by chart review and analyzed by calculating means, standard deviation, and range for patient’s age, iron dose, and lab values. The study also examined the percentage of each lab value (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, and/or hemoglobin/hematocrit) used to diagnosis iron deficiency anemia and the percentage of patients found below common references ranges for each serum iron laboratory test were calculated. Results: The average age of the iron deficiency patient was 55 with an average daily elemental iron dose of 108.1 mg with a standard deviation of 50.0. The majority of the laboratory tests were utilized over 50% of the time, with the exception of transferrin (49.6%), transferrin saturation (44.8%), and ferritin (46.4%). The laboratory test with results below the reference range the least percentage of the time was ferritin at 13.8%. The hematocrit (95.1%), hemoglobin (93.6%), serum iron (92.6%), and transferrin saturation (91.1 %) were below the reference range in a high proportion of the patients. Conclusions: It appears that physicians in a hospital setting are not obtaining or utilizing the correct iron laboratory tests in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, resulting in unnecessary iron supplementation.

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency in the world, leading to long-term developmental and health consequences in populations at risk. Also known as prebiotics, non-digestible oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharide (FOS), inulin, galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and lactulose resist digestion by gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes in vivo, but are preferentially fermented by beneficial intestinal bacteria once they reach the colon. Prebiotics have been shown to increase the absorption of minerals such as iron from diets, but results from studies reported in the literature at times are contradictory, and mechanisms involved are still unclear. A better understanding of the role of FOS and other prebiotics in iron absorption may lead to new dietary modification strategies to increase intake of iron absorption enhancers in plant-based diets. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the effects of prolonged FOS, as well as Synergy 1 (a combination of long- and short-chain FOS), inulin, GOS and lactulose supplementation on iron status of anemic rats; and to assess the enhancing effects of FOS on iron absorption and elucidate the regulatory mechanism involved using the Caco-2 cell culture model. In our animal studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats were first fed a low-iron diet for 14 days prior to prebiotics supplementation to achieve an iron-deficient status. Rats receiving the low-iron diet (12 ppm Fe) showed significantly lower non-heme iron concentrations in liver, spleen and kidney, as well as lower hemoglobin level than rats receiving a normal diet (45 ppm Fe), confirming iron-deficiency anemia. At the onset of the feeding trials, anemic rats were further divided into groups with or without supplementation of prebiotics. Prebiotics were provided to the rats by dissolving in water at 5% (w/v). Rats were kept on their respective test diets for 28 or 35 days, and all had free access to food and water during the feeding trials. The results showed significantly higher hemoglobin and non-heme iron levels in anemic rats with FOS or GOS supplementation, suggesting that both FOS and GOS could have positive effects on the iron status of anemic subjects with a low-iron intake. Rat colon contents also showed significant changes in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, presumably due to fermentation of prebiotics by intestinal microflora. Changes in the expression of Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) and Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) in Caco-2 cells were measured by Western Blot and Real Time PCR. Our results confirmed that Caco-2 cells 14 days post confluence provided a stable research model for gene expression studies related to iron absorption. At low iron level, especially with FOS or SCFA supplementation, Dcytb and DMT-1 expression levels were increased in Caco-2 cells. While at high iron level, expression of Dcytb or DMT-1 was mostly down-regulated. Effects of SCFA were much more pronounced than FOS at different iron concentrations, suggesting that any effects of dietary FOS on improving iron status would require fermentation by the intestinal microflora. Further studies on other prebiotics (e.g., GOS and lactulose) and different combinations of SCFA are warranted.