This thesis deals with an influential young Muslim intellectual movement, Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), which had active towards the end of the Dutch Colonial era in Indonesia. It will first investigate the circumstances under which the JIB was founded. Second, it will go on to survey the development of the organization with respect to its leadership between 1924 to 1942. Finally, this thesis will analyze in some detail the ideology and the activities of the movement. It will attempt to shed a light on the JIB's role in defining Islam as both a religion and an ideology in the struggle to form an Indonesian identity for the future Indonesian nation.

This thesis deals with the political activities and Islamic political vision of Mohamad Roem (1908--1983), a prominent Masyumi leader and Indonesian diplomat in the first half of the twentieth century. His life and early education as well as his works are discussed in order to trace the sources which inspired his vision. In his political activities, Roem expressed his Islamic nationalism by joining and founding Islamic movements from the late Dutch colonial period through the beginning of the New Order. He had much political success, especially in the Republican period. However, he was one of many Muslim leaders who also suffered for his political involvement in the Soekarno era, he was jailed for about four years, while in the Soeharto era, he was banned from participating in political activities. He was a moderate Muslim leader who aspired to cooperate with "secular" leaders in his time for the sake of a larger cause. His Islamic political vision had a significant impact and was a major contribution to both the Indonesian state and the Islamic community. His moderation is reflected in his political correspondence with Nurcholish Madjid in which he argued for the need of an Islamic political party without demanding the creation of an Islamic state. Finally, Roem's political activities and Islamic political vision point to a model of activism in a religiously pluralistic country and could possibly serve as an inspiration to Muslim politicians, especially after Soeharto's fall when Islamic political parties found fertile ground for growth.

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Cette these a pour objet la description de la société Musulmane à Java. Elle attire particulierement l'attention sur deux groupes typologiquement distinct: le santri et le abangan. Meme si la recherche étudie l'origine de ces deux groupes, elle va essayer d'analyser le santri et le abangan dans leurs deux aspects essentiels, premierement comme groupes socio-religieux, et deuxiemement comme pouvoirs sooio-politiques. Elle insiste aussi sur le processus par lequel la querelle entre le santri et le abangan, par rapport a la concurence des différentes idéologies politiques, devient un des déterminants essentiels dans la politique indonesienne. Même si la distinction socio-religieuse de ces deux groupes est ignore pour une raison quelconque, la différence entre les deux entraine des consequences politiques tres différentes. Par conséquent l'étude du santri et du abangan a Java, rend possible une meilleure compréhension de l'Islam tel que pratiqué dans cette ile. / This thesis is concerned with the description of Muslim society in contemporary Java, and pays particular attention to the two typologically distinctive groups, the so-called santri and abangan. While investigation is made into the origin of these two groups, this study is attempting to elucidate santri and abangan in their two essential aspects; firstly as socio-religious groups and secondly as socio-political powers. It also stresses the process by which the struggle of santri and abangan vis-a-vis the strife between different political ideologies becomes one of the basic determinants in Indonesian politics.

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