Thesis (Ph. D)--UCLA, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 324-350).

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 H87 / Master of Architecture

To date no systematic record of the inscriptions found on Pakistani monuments has been published. Many inscriptions are known to the scholarly world only through photographs and no transcription or translation has been published. This is specially true of Qur'ānic inscriptions. In other cases the inscription is published but no information about the building which adorns it is available. This thesis sets out to remedy these lacunae. It has two major aims, neither of which has been attempted in previous publications. One aim is to provide an architectural record of those existing Pakistani monuments dated before 1707 (the end of Aurangzib's reign) which bear inscriptions. It is in the presentation of this new architectural and epigraphic material that the principal value of this thesis lies. For most of these monuments no published architectural drawings are available. Some are not even known by published photographs. Thus this thesis presents a substantial body of monuments hitherto unpublished. The other aim of the thesis is to register the surviving monumental inscriptions in Pakistan. While some of these have been published previously, the majority constitute new material for scholarship. In the field of Qur'ānic inscriptions, this thesis offers the first systematic record and identification of existing monumental inscriptions. The need for such a work is pressing, as the architectural and epigraphic heritage of Pakistan is falling into oblivion very rapidly. The paucity of funds and the lack of expertise in the field of conservation can only accelerate this trend. Thus even if buildings survive, they and their inscriptions are likely to be altered beyond recognition. Examples of such grotesquely renovated monuments can be multiplied; they include the tomb of Bāhā' al-Ḥaqq at Multān, the complex of Bābā Farīd Shakr Ganj at Pākpattan, and even to a lesser extent - the great tomb of Rukn-i cĀlam at Multān. The necropolis at Maklī is becoming rapidly denuded of its unparalleled collection of fine inscribed gravestones, and nothing is being done to save it. In the first part of this thesis two chapters analyse the inscriptions used in mosques and tombs and a first attempt is made to assess as a whole the chronograms on Pakistani architecture. Limitations made it quite impossible to present an exhaustive analysis of two monuments unusually rich in epigraphy - the complex of Mīr Macṣum at Sukkr and the mosque of Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ Kambūh in Lahore; but representative inscriptions from these monuments are included. The second part of the thesis deals with the monuments individually. Wherever possible the history of each monuments and its patron is discussed and it is placed in its urban setting. Its plan, material of construction, and epigraphy are then discussed in turn. The discussion of inscriptions covers such factors as the size of epigraphic panel, material, colour, type of script and so on. Inscriptions and translations are given except in the case of Qur'ānic inscriptions, which are simply identified. Non Qur'ānic inscriptions are presented in two main categories. Inscriptions in kufic, thulth, naskh-ī and ṭughrā'i are all transcribed in naskh-ī while nastaclīq inscriptions appear for the first time in a thesis in nastaclīq. All the calligraphy, drawings and photographs are the work of the author unless otherwise acknowledged.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 300-313. / Issues within the context of the present cannot be isolated from their spatial or temporal context. Neither the past (tradition) nor the future (modern technology) can provide solutions to the problems of the present. Their value lies in the fact that they represent "resources" which broaden our choices and inform us as to how similar issues were or could be dealt with in different times and places. However, a society's past and the way that society conceives of its past provides modes of continuity which give the present its authenticity. If we are to deal with the issues of the present and hope for an authentic future, the authority of the past or tradition cannot be blindly accepted though its authenticity and relevance to the present must be recognized. The problem addressed here is that of a present physical environment in the Arab-Muslim city which is to tally different from the traditional one. As a result of this difference, a sense of discontinuity and alienation has developed among the inhabitants of these cities. The purpose of this study is to understand how this process came about and how a sense of continuity with the past can be reestablished. To achieve this purpose four main issues are addressed here: (l) the origin and process of formation of the traditional physical environment; (2) the disparity between the traditional and the contemporary environment; (3) the origins of this disparity; and (4) the possible notions which might be suggested by way of reestablishing a sense of continuity between the past and the present. The legal system is used as a means of analysis in this study. This has helped us to see the physical environment within its socio-cultural context, by informing us about the ideological or structural level of the society and by pointing out accepted social norms and conventions and the mechanism of their social effectiveness. The law has helped us to point out the differences between the traditional and the contemporary process. In the traditional city, the process relied on rules of conduct or social conventions which proscribed certain actions on the part of the inhabitants. In the contemporary city, the rules are physical and prescriptive in nature. They prescribe in physical terms not only what is to be done but also how it is to be implemented. Implied within the traditional process is a reciprocal and possibilist relationship between form and use while the contemporary process advocates a determinist approach to the relationship of form and use. Several factors are believed to have worked in favor of the shift from the traditional process to the contemporary one in the Arab-Muslim city. Important among these are: the existence of certain implied ideologies; changes in the scale of development, power and technology; and problems within the field of architecture and urbanism and their relationship to the Arab-Muslim context. Only by being aware of these processes and factors can we conceive of an appropriate approach to reestablish a sense of continuity with the past that sterns from the needs of the present and aspirations for the future. / by Saleh A. Al-Hathloul. / Ph.D.

The Mamluk period was the most exuberant in Egypt. It lasted from 1250 to 1517, a short period of only 267 years but highly dynamic in art and architecture. No historian has given a documented and defendable reason for this rise yet many spoke of the origins of the Mamluks in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and the Caucus. Their excellence in design was directly related to the diversity of their population in Egypt and Syria but more specifically in Cairo. A new aesthetic developed in their art and architecture and became uniquely Mamluk. It was a culmination of design influences coming from as far away as Persepolis in the East and al-Andalus in the West. Good trade relations with Catalonia played an important role in the transmission of design ideas and the prosperity of the Mamluks. The doctorate thesis is a study of the sources of Islamic design in several regions and their development. It analyzes examples from the pre-Islamic, Islamic and post-Islamic periods to show how design shared inspirational sources. It traces the aesthetics of Islamic architecture, using twentieth century Spain as a case study, to show how this affected the development of modern and contemporary architecture. / El període Mameluc era el més exuberant a Egipte. Va durar des·de 1250-1517, un curt període de només 267 anys, però molt dinàmic en l'art i l'arquitectura. Cap historiador ha donat una raó documentada i defensable per aquest augment però molts van parlar dels orígens dels mamelucs a Europa de l'Est, Anatòlia i el Caucus. La seva excel·lència en el disseny estava directament relacionada amb la diversitat de la seva població a Egipte i Síria, però més específicament al Caire. Una nova estètica desenvolupada en el seu art i arquitectura, i va esdevenir únic mameluc. Va ser la culminació d'influències de disseny procedents de llocs tan llunyans com Persépolis a l'est i al-Andalus a l'Oest. Les bones relacions comercials amb Catalunya van exercir un paper important en la transmissió de les idees del disseny i la prosperitat dels mamelucs. La tesi doctoral és un estudi de les fonts de disseny islàmic en diverses regions i el seu desenvolupament. S'analitzen exemples dels períodes pre-islàmic, islàmic i post-islàmic per mostrar com el disseny comparteix fonts d'inspiració. Traça l'estètica de l'arquitectura islàmica, amb l'Espanya del segle XX com un estudi de cas, per mostrar com va afectar al desenvolupament de l'arquitectura moderna i contemporània.

This survey investigates the origin and growth of the mosque in pre-colonial West Africa emphasizing both the traditional and Islamic context. Initially the traditional West African society is observed with special emphasis on those features which were to affect the mosque. The origin of Muslim places of worship is examined, indicating the types of people and places involved. The various activities performed in the mosque and the role of the mosque personnel are seen to cover every aspect of Muslim life and to be similar to what obtained in other Muslim lands. It is discovered that because the mosque is an institution introduced from without, conflict took place between Muslims and traditional worshippers with regard to the use of places of worship. Nevertheless, the interaction between the old and the new faiths is still a remarkable feature of West African Islam.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Carleton University, 1999. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Carleton University, 1999. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Carleton University, 2000. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

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