Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada was estimated using morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Nine 10-mer primers were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar for RAPD markers. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. The mode of inheritance of seven isozyme loci: Aat-2, Amy-1, Est-4, Est-7, Pgd-1, Pgd-2 and Skd-1, in red clover was verified. The genetic basis of banding patterns for 16 other isozyme loci: Aat-3, Adh-1, Dia-1, Dia-2, Dia-3, Est-1, Est-2, Gpi-2, Idh-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Mdh-3, Mdh-4, Me-1, Me-2 and Pgm-2, was also postulated, based on the segregation patterns observed within cultivars. Two pairs of linked enzyme-coding loci, Est-4/Est-7 and Pgd-2/Skd-1, were found with joint segregation analysis. Estimates of genetic variability of 15 red clover cultivars from three different origins indicated that within-cultivar variation was much higher than between-cultivar variation. Allele frequencies of these isozymes could discriminate the five North American cultivars assayed, but they could not differentiate cultivars from Europe and Japan. The use of RAPD markers obtained from bulked samples was investigated for cultivar identification in red clover. Pooled samples were examined in order to minimize variation within cultivars. Twenty was found to be an appropriate number of red clover individuals per bulk for homogenizing genetic variation within cultivars. Fourteen 10-mer primers were used to amplify genomic DNA from combined leaf samples of 15 red clover cultivars from European, Japanese and North American origin

Bibliography: leaves 143-150. / xxii, 150 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Isozyme analysis was carried out on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) leaves. Cultivars were identified and compared. Progeny from controlled hybridisations were examined to determine inheritance patterns of isozymes. Isozymes were also used to determine gene flow in cherry orchards and to determine pollen donors of selected cultivars. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, (1996?)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-166).

Honors Project--Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-48)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 156 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-121). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) occurs in different bovine tissues as multiple, catalytically active isozymes which can be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. GPI from bovine heart was purified to homogeneity and each of the isozymes was resolved. Four of the five isozymes were characterized with regard to their physical, chemical and catalytic properties in order to establish their possible physiological significance and to ascertain their molecular basis. The isozymes exhibited identical native (118 Kd) and subunit (59 Kd) molecular weights but had different apparent pi values of 7.2, 7.0, 6.8 and 6.6. Structural analyses showed that the amino terminus was blocked and the carboxyl terminal sequence was -Glu-Ala-Ser-Gly for all four isozymes. The most basic isozyme was more stable than the more acidic isozymes (lower pi values) at pH extremes, at high ionic strength, in the presence of denaturants or upon exposure to proteases. Kinetic constants, such as turnover number, Km and Ki values, were identical for all isozymes. Identical amino acid composition and peptide mapping by chemical cleavage at methionine and cysteine residues of the isozymes suggest a postsynthetic modification rather then a genetic origin for the in vivo isozymes. When the most basic isozyme was incubated in vitro under mild alkaline conditions, there was a spontaneous generation of the more acidic isozymes with electrophoretic properties identical to those found in vivo. The simultaneous release in ammonia along with the spontaneous shift to more acidic isozymes and changes in the specific cleavage of the Asn-Gly bonds by hydroxylamine of the acidic isozyme indicates deamidation as the probable molecular basis. In summary the isozymes appear to be the result of spontaneous, postsynthetic modifications involving the addition of an equal number of negative charges and are consistent with the deamidation process.