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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rede híbrida de distribuição de energia em CC e CA como solução alternativa para microrredes isoladas / Hybrid DC and AC power distribution network as an alternative solution for isolated microgrids

Oliveira, Hércules Araújo 13 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-16T18:46:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HerculesAraujo.pdf: 4155547 bytes, checksum: a184b99018c0f978ec408861bdd090df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T18:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerculesAraujo.pdf: 4155547 bytes, checksum: a184b99018c0f978ec408861bdd090df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) / This work proposes a topology of isolated microgrids with hybrid network (part in DC and part in AC) of electric power distribution. This topology can serve as an alternative model to the conventional AC distribution network model for the electrical service of isolated communities. The topology consists of using a main system of DC power distribution and subsystems with an AC distribution. DC/AC converters are strategically distributed along the DC main network, forming AC subsystems, in order to serve a certain number of consumers with AC loads. Although there are loads that can be fed in DC, this is not a reality for household loads, which are basically AC powered. Thus, the interest of this work is to evaluate the possible advantages of this topology over the conventional microrredes with distribution network in low voltage in AC. In this contexto, the analysis parameters to be studied are: the increasing the extension of the distribution network without the need to use transformers, electric conductors with larger cross sections or distributed generation; the efficiency in the distribution of energy, evaluating the losses, and the reduction of implantation and operation costs. In order to compare the microgrid with hybrid distribution network, an isolated microgrid with purely CA distribution network was adopted as reference: the microgrid with solar-wind generation of Lençóis Island, located in the northeast of Brazil, which has been in operation since July 2008. / Este trabalho propõe uma topologia de microrredes isoladas com rede híbrida (parte em CC e parte em CA) de distribuição de energia elétrica. Essa topologia pode servir como modelo alternativo ao modelo convencional de rede de distribuição de energia totalmente em CA para o atendimento elétrico de comunidades isoladas. A topologia consiste em utilizar um sistema tronco de distribuição de energia em CC e de subsistemas com distribuição CA. Conversores CC/CA são distribuídos estrategicamente ao longo da rede tronco CC, formando subsistemas CA, com a finalidade de atender determinado número de consumidores com carga em CA. Apesar de existirem cargas que podem ser alimentadas em CC, essa não é uma realidade para as cargas de uso doméstico, que basicamente são alimentadas em CA. Assim, o interesse deste trabalho é avaliar as possíveis vantagens dessa topologia sobre as convencionais microrredes com rede de distribuição em baixa tensão em CA. Neste contexto, os parâmetros de análise a serem estudados são o aumento da extensão da rede de distribuição sem a necessidade de se utilizar transformadores, condutores elétricos com seções transversais maiores ou geração distribuída; a eficiência na distribuição de energia, avaliando as perdas, e a redução de custos de implantação e operação. Para se comparar a microrrede com rede de distribuição híbrida, adotouse como referência uma microrrede isolada com rede de distribuição somente CA: a microrrede com geração eólica-solar da Ilha de Lençóis está localizada no nordeste do Brasil, a qual está em operação desde julho de 2008.
2

Participation d'un système de stockage à la stabilité des réseaux insulaires / Energy storage for stability of microgrids

Mongkoltanatas, Jiravan 03 December 2014 (has links)
Un réseau insulaire est un système fragile et sensible aux variations de charge ou de production notamment d'origine renouvelable et intermittent. Ce problème devient crucial avec l'augmentation dans ces réseaux de production éolien ou PV en remplacement des sources actuelles (diesel, etc.). Cela impacte directement la stabilité du réseau, notamment la fréquence. Les moyens de stockage pourraient dès lors participer au réglage primaire de la fréquence, en limitant des variations après une perturbation. L'objectif de cette thèse consiste ainsi à étudier la participation du stockage pour maintenir la stabilité en fréquence dans un réseau insulaire en augmentant le taux de pénétration d'énergie renouvelable. Un algorithme de dimensionnement et différentes stratégies de contrôle du système de stockage ont ainsi été développés en fonction de variations réellement observées sur un parc PV. Notre étude est séparée en 2 parties. La première partie concerne la modélisation de l'intermittence de la production PV. La puissance PV a ainsi été caractérisée en fonction de son impact sur la variation de la fréquence, afin de définir toute situation critique. Ensuite, la technologie et les critères de dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage et la stratégie de pilotage et de contrôle-commande pour surveiller et contrôler le système de stockage ont été proposés et validées à partir de simulations. Ces stratégies ont été élaborées soit à partir de critères qualitatifs définie dans le domaine temporel, soit à partir d'une stratégie de filtrage fréquentiel des différentes sources. Par ailleurs, pour garantir des critères de robustesse vis-à-vis des incertitudes paramétriques notamment sur la mesure des variations PV, une commande robuste (utilisant un contrôleur H infinie) a été conçu et validé. Les différentes stratégies proposées peuvent plus ou moins réduire la variation de la fréquence suite à perturbation et permettre de réduire significativement la participation de la source principale d'énergie au réglage de la fréquence. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont permis de faire un lien entre le taux de pénétration des énergies renouvelables photovoltaïques dans un micro réseau et la tenue en fréquence dans ce réseau. / Frequency of isolated microgrids is highly sensitive to active power variation of loads and productions because of the inertia equivalent of this grid is small (limited number of thermal generators). Furthermore, the increasing of renewable energy in this grid causes frequency more risky to be instable because of its intermittency of power. In this thesis, energy storage is the selected solution to maintain the frequency stability of isolated microgrids with high penetration rate of renewable energy. It will participate to the primary frequency control which is the first control that takes action to limit the frequency deviation after disturbance. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to design the appropriate size and strategy of energy storage in isolated microgrids with high penetration rate of photovoltaic. Proposed strategies will link to power variation of PV. Therefore, the different situations of photovoltaic power variations and their impacts on the system frequency had been firstly characterized and studied in order to specify the critical situation of frequency variation. Then, different strategies for energy storage and their sizes were defined from these two studies. The strategy limit dPpv diagram and filter strategy were proposed to define the participated power of energy storage in primary frequency control from the measured power variation of PV. Furthermore, controller H infinity which is robust control was also proposed. Finally, energy storage control system was validated by RTLAB (real time simulation) which enable us to simulate the hardware. The results show that energy storage by proposed strategies is able to stabilize frequency of the power system by limiting the frequency deviation to be within an acceptable range after occurrence of any disturbance. The proposed strategies can increase larger participated power of the energy storage with less frequently than the classic droop control.
3

CONTROLE DE POTÊNCIA EM MICRORREDES CA ISOLADAS COM AEROGERADORES E BANCOS DE BATERIAS DISTRIBUÍDOS / POWER CONTROL IN ISOLATED CA MICROGRIDS WITH TURBINES AND DISTRIBUTED BATTERY BANKS

Matos, José Gomes de 31 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T16:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Jose Gomes de Matos.pdf: 8310310 bytes, checksum: b4d88d65be5edbb4f214f9dd09ed8f3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work proposes a new strategy to control the generated power in an alternating current autonomous microgrid that has distributed generators and battery banks. There are no restrictions regarding the type of generator to be connected, however in this particular study the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is analyzed by considering that the power source is a wind turbine coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The microgrid analyzed consists of at least one bidirectional electronic converter powered by a battery bank, which has the function of forming the microgrid; an electronic converter connected to a wind turbine generator, which operates as a power supplier to the microgrid; loads, and other peripheral systems of control and maneuver. The main objective of the proposed strategy is to maintain the terminal voltages of battery banks under control and below its upper limit, even when momentarily the power demanded by the loads connected to the microgrid is less than the power sources generation capacity. The proposed strategy controls the terminal voltage of the battery banks, controlling the power output that comes from the generators. This is done without the use of dump loads or any physical communication between the electronic converters connected to the battery banks and the electronic converters connected to the generators. A modified droop control technique, based on the grid frequency, is used to inform to the power generator electronic converters on the amount of energy they need to generate in order to maintain the state of charge of the battery banks below their limits. The work also presents the methodology to design and tuning the controllers of the associated variables of the generation system. This includes the voltage and frequency grid, the active and reactive power generated by the generators, the DC bus voltages in all electronic power converters and the terminal voltage of the battery banks. All controllers are designed in the discrete domain. A strategy to decouple the effects of the input disturbances is incorporated, into each controller. Special attention is given to the grid voltage controller due the fact that the effect of the load current disturbance is very significant for the grid power quality. Issues x related to the operation of the wind turbine on its maximum power point are also addressed in the control of the power electronic converter connected to the generator. The control strategy proposed in this study is validated through experimental results obtained using a microgrid prototype of 15 kW rated power. / Este trabalho propõe uma nova estratégia para controle da potência gerada em uma microrrede isolada, que opera em corrente alternada e que dispõe de geradores e bancos de baterias distribuídos ao longo da mesma. Embora não haja restrições quanto ao tipo de gerador a ser conectado à microrrede, neste estudo a aplicabilidade da estratégia proposta é analisada considerando a fonte de potência como sendo uma turbina eólica acoplada a um gerador síncrono a imãs permanentes. A microrrede estudada é composta de um conversor eletrônico bidirecional, alimentado por um banco de baterias, que tem a função de formar a microrrede; um conversor eletrônico ligado ao gerador da turbina eólica e que funciona como alimentador da microrrede; além das cargas e demais sistemas periféricos de controle e manobra. O principal objetivo dessa estratégia é controlar a tensão terminal dos bancos de baterias abaixo de um determinado valor limite, mesmo quando momentaneamente a potência demandada pela carga conectada à microrrede seja inferior à capacidade de geração das fontes de potência. A estratégia proposta controla a tensão dos bancos de baterias, controlando a energia gerada que vem dos geradores. Isto é feito sem a utilização de carga auxiliar para consumir o excesso de energia e sem comunicação física entre os conversores eletrônicos dos bancos de baterias e os conversores eletrônicos conectados aos geradores. Uma técnica de controle droop modificada, com base na frequência da microrrede, é usada para informar aos conversores dos geradores sobre a quantidade de energia que eles estão liberados para gerar, a fim de manter a tensão dos bancos de baterias abaixo dos seus valores limites. O trabalho ainda apresenta as sistemáticas de projeto e sintonia dos controladores das variáveis associadas com o sistema de geração. Isso compreende o controle da tensão e da frequência da microrrede, o controle das tensões nos barramentos de corrente contínua de todos os conversores eletrônicos de potência e o controle da tensão terminal dos bancos de baterias. Todos os controladores são projetados no domínio discreto. Uma estratégia de desacoplamento dos efeitos das entradas de perturbações é incorporada a cada controlador. Nesse enfoque, é dada atenção especial ao controlador de tensão da microrrede, cujo efeito da viii perturbação da corrente da carga é muito significativo para a qualidade de energia do sistema de geração. As questões relativas à maximização do aproveitamento energético das fontes renováveis são contempladas no controle do conversor da turbina eólica. A estratégia de controle proposta neste trabalho é validada a partir de resultados experimentais obtidos com um protótipo de microrrede de potência nominal 15 kw.

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