Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study was to analyze data related to rural teachers' use of online communities. Rural teachers are often isolated in their practice and sometimes have difficulty connecting with other teachers with their same assignments or needs due to their professional setting. As Internet availability increases and online communities proliferate, teachers have more opportunity than ever to seek personal and professional support in virtual relationships when face-to-face ones are not easily available. In small schools such as the ones included in this study, teachers can become burned out as they perform the difficult task of teaching with few colleagues in their department or grade level to turn to for support. One interview subject said that she and the only other person with the same teaching assignment don't always have time to communicate and often have to use their lunch period to do so. Another said that she feels very isolated because there are only three of them with the same grade level assignment. The most telling comment came from one high school teacher, "I am the foreign language department." In spite of these expressed feelings of isolation, this study's results do not support widespread use of online communities by these particular rural teachers to help fill their personal and professional needs. The only online communication technology widely used was email. At a minimum, every subject in this study had access to a high-speed Internet connection, functional technology, administrative support, and training. With this type of support already in place, further study is needed to discover what would increase awareness and use of online communities by this group of teachers. Additionally, similar studies in different rural school settings might show different results. Comparisons of study findings between rural schools in different geographic locations would be revealing. Such comparative studies could help inform administrators and online community developers who wish to better meet the needs of rural teachers.

Master of Science / Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering / Mohammad H. Hosni / Byron W. Jones / Limiting the spread of infectious airborne diseases and airborne pathogens is an important consideration in aircraft environmental control system design. However, when a passenger suspected of having a highly contagious disease or very dangerous disease is identified in flight, it is desirable to further isolate the individual from other passengers. A research project was conducted to explore an isolation system that can be stored in a small space and deployed in flight if needed. This device is referred to as an “Expedient Passenger Isolation System” abbreviated as ISOPASS. The ISOPASS is a portable, negative-pressure isolation system that can be installed over a section of seats quickly by a flight attendant during flight. A prototype proof of concept ISOPASS was evaluated in this study. Measurements were conducted in a full-scale, 11-row mock-up of a wide-body aircraft cabin, as well as a 5-row section of a narrow-body aircraft cabin. Heated mannequins to simulate the thermal load of passengers inside the cabin were seated in the mockup. Carbon dioxide was used as a tracer gas and was mixed with helium to maintain neutral buoyancy in air. The tracer gas was used to simulate airborne pathogen spread and was injected at the breathing level at a seat within the ISOPASS. Tests were conducted with and without the ISOPASS in place. Matched pairs were used to mitigate potential statistical problems. Matched pair tests were completed with gaspers turned on and off. Measurements were repeated three times for each gasper setting and for each ISOPASS condition. Concentration measurements were taken at the breathing level inside the ISOPASS at the seat next to the injection source; at the seat across the aisle adjacent to the ISOPASS; and at a seat far away from the ISOPASS near the front of the cabin. The with- and without-ISOPASS matched pair tests clearly show the ISOPASS prototype is highly effective at providing isolation in each aircraft cabin used in the study. Additionally, it was determined that the use of gaspers makes no measurable difference in the containment effectiveness of the ISOPASS.

Understanding the genetics underlying the speciation process has been a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology. Studying inter-population crosses can elucidate the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and, ultimately, the process of speciation. Hybridization between two species is often maladaptive and results in offspring with decreased fitness compared to the parental forms. Recently, with the development of molecular and genomic tools, it has become possible to understand how and when reproductive isolation arises and what are the underlying mechanisms in the evolution of genetic incompatibilities. Heliconius is a genus of neotropical butterfly best know for their Müllerian mimicry. Here I focus on Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene, two hybridising sympatric species with low levels of inter-specific hybridisation that nonetheless results in genome-wide signatures of admixture. I show that hybrids develop ovarian tissue and, occasionally, oocytes; and use genomic approaches to examine several potential mechanisms underlying post-zygotic isolation between H. cydno and H. melpomene. Firstly, I investigate evolution by gene duplication and identify loci putatively under divergent selection that may play a role in species divergence and speciation. Secondly, I quantify sexually dimorphic expression in H. melpomene, and calculate rates of molecular evolution between H. melpomene and H. erato. Thirdly, I identify differentially expressed genes in the H. cydno x H. melpomene F1 hybrids that may be involved in the species barrier. Finally, investigate whether epigenetic silencing mechanisms could underlie post-zygotic isolation between H. cydno and H. melpomene by quantifying transposable element expression and small RNAs. Overall, I identify loci that merit further investigation for their potential in maintaining reproductive barriers between these two species. I show that different regions of the genome evolve at different molecular rates but there is no faster-Z effect, and consider how might this affect evolution of reproductive isolation. Finally, I show that aberrant epigenetic silencing, a mechanism behind hybrid sterility that is common in other species, is not correlated with post-zygotic isolation between H. cydno and H. melpomene.

New affinity molecules such as nucleic acid aptamers are in demand in the science and medical fields. Current aptamer selection technologies can generate unique aptamers with desired properties to targets of interest. My thesis describes a series of investigations on the protection of an oncolytic virus, the isolation of target cells from biological fluids, and aptamer-facilitated biomarker discovery. We tested individual aptamers and constructed a tetramer aptamer structure (quadramer) to increase virus infectivity. The quadramer protects vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) during freeze–thaw cycles, shields the virus from neutralizing antibodies and increases viral active units. In addition to aptamers, we screened carbohydrate-based ice recrystallization inhibitors for the possible elimination of the cold chain of Vaccinia virus, VSV, and Herpes virus-1. N-octyl-gluconamide provides the longest shelf life for Vaccinia virus and Herpes virus-1 as tested according to the World Health Organization’s requirements for viral vaccines efficiency during transportation and distribution. We generated switchable aptamers capable of isolating cells expressing LIFR, NRP1, DLL4, uPAR, or PTCH1. These aptamers bind to the receptor positive cells in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, and release the pure cells upon addition of EDTA. The aptamers were applied for a sequential positive immunomagnetic isolation of cells from mice bone marrow. We also utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in our aptamer selections to develop switchable aptamers to positive isolation of monocytes from human blood. Moreover, we have selected non-switchable aptamers as an affinity probe to the cells expressing Axl receptor for immunofluorescent analysis and cell sorting. We determined aptamers to CD107a and applied them for biomarker discovery with mass spectrometry and found that CD107a was co-expressing with PD-1. Furthermore, we identified CD91 as binding partners to our aptamers in human monocytes using FACS and orbitrap mass spectrometry.

La thèse vise à identifier, développer et tester des matériaux isolants à partir de déchets textiles, le rôle de l'isolation thermique des tuyaux. Visant à accroître la performance énergétique de chauffage et avec un impact environnemental réduit. Etude théorique était d'identifier les propriétés matériau d'isolation thermique, la classification sur le marché utilisé dans l'isolation thermique des méthodes de test national et international. Pour tester les propriétes thermiques ont été menées deux installations de laboratoire. Dans un premier temps l'installation, afin de déterminer la conductivité thermique, le flux thermique de la chaleur est produite par une résistance électrique. Ont été réalisés et testés structurellement différents des matériaux de densité (coton, la laine et le tissu non tissé) de la température maximale de 90C dans la canalisation. Le rôle de ces essais était de déterminer la densité et le comportement optimal à des températures différentes. Une deuxième installation est effectuée sur un cas réel (une tuyauterie isolée thermique avec a) la flux thermique de la chaleur est générée par le fluide (de l'eau). Un conducteur testé dans trois situations : tuyaux non isolés, tuyau isolé et le tuyau PUR isolé non tissé. Tous les tests étaient en faveur de la non tissé. L'analyse statistique a montré que la température et la densité sont des facteurs importants qui influent sur la conductibilité thermique des tissus. / The thesis aims at identifying, developing and testing of insulation materials from waste textiles, the role in thermal insulation of pipes. Aiming at increasing the energy performance of heating and with a reduced environmental impact. Theoretical study was to identify thermal insulating material properties, classification on the market used in thermal insulation of national and international and the testing methods. To test the thermal properties were conducted two laboratory facilities. At first installation, to determine the thermal conductivity, the thermal flow of heat flux is generated by electrical resistance. Were made and tested structurally different density materials (cotton, wool and non-woven fabric) with maximum temperature of 90C in the pipeline. The role of these tests was to identify the optimum density and behavior at different temperatures. A second installation is performed on a real case (an installation with a thermal insulated pipe) the thermal flow of heat is generated by the fluid (water). A conductive tested in three situations: non-insulated pipes, insulated pipe and pipe PUR insulated non-woven fabric. All tests were in favor of non-woven fabric. The statistical analysis showed that the temperature and density are significant factors that influence the thermal conductivity of fabrics.

Hrušková M.: Alkaloids from the wood of the species Liriodendron tulipifera L. and their activity against human cholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2018. Key words: Liriodendron tulipifera, alkaloids, biological activity. The alkaloids from the wood of the species Liriodendron tulipifera L. were isolated and their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and propyl oligopeptidase, which are enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), was investigated. The search and testing of new substances, which are used in AD treatment, is very relevant, as this disease cannot be casually treated yet. An alkaloid extract of Liriodendron tulipifera L. wood was tested in a preliminary testing for inhibitory activity against human cholinesterase. Because of the promising results, it was chosen for an isolation and identification of possible effective alkaloids. The extract was carried out by column chromatography with a step gradient elution. A preparative TLC was used to isolate alkaloids. The identification of alkaloids was done by structural analyses (NMR and MS). Optically active substances were measured for their optical rotation. A modified...

Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 000008.pdf: 703280 bytes, checksum: 1d25f150117d1a0567821a31251d5dce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Analisa as políticas estatais de combate à lepra (hanseníase) no período 1920-1941, tendo como foco principal o debate e as ações em torno do isolamento compulsório dos doentes. No primeiro período de análise (1920-1930), a prática isolacionista foi definida pelo regulamento sanitário de 1920 como uma política compulsória a ser adotada contra a doença. Entretanto, a escassez de verbas, incertezas biomédicas e as características políticas do período puseram obstáculos à atuação da inspetoria de profilaxia da lepra e das doenças venéreas. Foi somente no segundo período (1930-1941) que o isolamento compulsório tomou vigor. A partir de 1935, com a elaboração de um plano de construção de leprosários, promovido pelo governo federal, foi possível pôr em prática a política de isolamento. A criação do Serviço Nacional de Lepra, em 1941, não substituiu o plano elaborado em 1935, e ainda acrescentou as definições de competências dos poderes federais, estaduais e municipais, como também das associações particulares na profilaxia da doença. Durante todo o processo de construção institucional da saúde pública brasileira, no período 1920-1941, o isolamento compulsório dos doentes foi a principal política adotada pelo poder público contra a lepra e esteve associada ao processo de consolidação da capacidade do Estado brasileiro agir sobre territórios e populações.

Loneliness, or the perceived discrepancy of ones relationships in terms of quality, is known as Perceived Social Isolation (PSI). Studies have shown that PSI is both increasing and is correlated with health risks. Specifically, PSI is not only related with risks of mortality but is also linked with variations in the brain. Having few social contacts, or being Objectively Socially Isolated (OSI) does not qualify as PSI. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the neural correlates of PSI, as distinguished from OSI. The true role of PSI is still unknown, however, arguments can be made that PSI serves an important role in survival. The social brain, which allows for social cognition is used as a basis for understanding PSI in this thesis. In this thesis, I found that individuals suffering from PSI have increased attention towards social threat, and a preference to engage in positive social stimuli. Further, PSI affects both social cognition and the social brain. However, regional brain activity was not confined to the social brain. The results showed that PSI may be related to both affective and attentional networks of the brain. PSI also affects activity in the ventral striatum. Further, PSI is related to varied regional brain size. I argue that PSI can be reduced by mainly fixing maladaptive cognitive patterns.