Thesis (Ph.D)--Boston University. / This study is concerned with an investigation of hostile expression and Jewish group identification. The design of the study included the development and factor-analysis of a scale of Jewish identification. Specifically, the study dealt with four main issues: the relationship between Jewish group identification and the expression of hostility, a comparison of hostile expression in Jews and non-Jews, an investigation of the multi-dimensionality of Jewish group identification, and a study of the relationship between the derived factors of Jewish identification and the expression of hostility. [TRUNCATED]

Thesis (doctorat)--Université de Paris, 1923. / Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in microfiche.

Thesis (MA (Teol.))-Universiteit van Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inauguraldiss.--Frankfurt am Main. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 382-431).

Zionism represents a turning point in the rise of the nation-state to its present near-ubiquity, a national movement which did not construct an identity concurrently with its embrace of nationalism, but reconstructed a diaspora to fit it. I explore how early Political Zionists, particularly Theodor Herzl, perceived both the push and pull of nationalism, and why they were drawn to adopt an ideology and political structure whose basic principles, I argue, were intrinsically hostile to Jews. I begin by examining the socialist Moses Hess as a forerunner and microcosm of later Zionism, arguing his work is underpinned by anxiety about social heterogeneity. The second chapter focuses on portrayals of diaspora, its contradictions and the ambivalence they caused towards less assimilated Jews, nonetheless used as models for national identity. I continue by investigating the countries Herzl looked to as partners on the world stage and models of nationhood, arguing his vision of nationhood was far broader than that of most nationalists and involved a recognised role among other nations. The fourth chapter concerns understandings of 'homeland' and the relationship between people and territory, concluding Zionism's effect is achieved, not just by inhabiting Palestine, but by public desire and effort to do so. I devote my final chapter to concepts of modernity, its perception as both paradoxical and inescapable, and how national historical narratives arrange history into a rational, linear structure. While Zionists left many presumptions of nationalism and modernity unchallenged, most importantly that both nation and state transcend political divides, my conclusion stresses those presumptions they accepted, those aspects they saw as inescapable, and those they pragmatically performed belief in, to achieve Gentile acceptance of Jewish nationhood. I surmise that it was this sense of inevitability, along with the difficulties of diaspora, which gave Jews reason to make displays of accepting the nation-state.