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Fitossociologia de ?reas enriquecidas com o palmiteiro Euterpe edulis (martius) em paisagens alteradas da Mata Atl?ntica / Phytosociology of enriched areas with the palm cabbage plantation. Euterpe edulis (Martius) in modified views from Atlantic Forest .Pinheiro, Marco Aur?lio Soares 30 August 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-30 / The present study was developed at Santuary of Silvester Life, Serra da Conc?rdia,
Valen?a (RJ), aiming to collect informations which can subsidize the handling and the
preservation of Euterpe edulis at the Atlantic Forest; to study the floristics and the
structure of a secondary forest, which was submited to enrichment; to valuate the E.
edulis development in a plantation of enrichment, and to confirm the viability of
development of palm cabbage culture in impacted forestal remainings. Were used
collecting of floristic and phytosociological facts in two parcels of 20x50m. It was
estimated the viability of plantation of enrichment with E. edulis by analysing the
growth in two parcels of 20x50m. It was established four classes of size of exposed
stirps (C1= up to 0,5m; C2 from 0,5 to 1,5m; C3 from 1,3 to 3,0m and C4 from 3,0m
on and with circumference at chest level (CAP) > 15cm). Each parcel was devided in
ten subparcels of 10x10m, in which all palm cabbage plantation of (C4 class) had their
CAP measurings and exposed etirps height taken.In each subparcel of 10x10m it was
allocated a subparcel of 4,0x4,0m, where the individuals of the classes C1,C2 and C3
have had their measurings of diameter of colon, CAP and height of stirps taken. All
palm cabbage were identified with aluminium plate printed in low relief and fixed with
copper nails.The parcel 1 can be found at the bottom of the region nearby a stream,
while the parcel 2 can be found almost 50m above the first parcel. It has been done two
measurings in an interval of six months and, at the and of this period, it had been
estimated the percentage of survival and of changing of class. The analyses of growth in
each sample, and also between one another was done by the non parametric test of
Kruskal-Wallis. The fragment was characterized by the index of similarity and
diversity, by Margalef with some other seven remainings of Atlantic Forest with
different degrees of impactation and distincts successional stages. It was also compared
some abiotic characteristics between the fragments. The individuals of C1; C2 and C3
from parcel1 were significantly grown, speaking about the diameter of colon. The
individuals of the same classes of parcel 2 have not had an expressive growth, but there
have had a significative growth in height of exposed stirps for these classes. The C4
from parcel 1 were grown concerning to the CAP, but those one of the parcel 2 didn?t.
Speaking about the height of stirps in both of the parcels, the growth was very
significative. The percentage of survival were about 95,8% and 100% in the parcels 1
and 2, respectively. / O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no Santu?rio de Vida Silvestre, Serra da Conc?rdia,
Valen?a (RJ), com o objetivo de coletar informa??es que possam subsidiar o manejo e a
conserva??o de Euterpe edulis na Floresta Atl?ntica; estudar a flor?stica e a estrutura de
uma floresta secund?ria submetida a enriquecimento; avaliar o desenvolvimento de E.
edulis em plantio de enriquecimento e confirmar a viabilidade do desenvolvimento da
cultura de palmito em remanescentes florestais impactados. Foram utilizados
levantamentos flor?stico e fitossociol?gico em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Avaliou-se a
viabilidade do plantio de enriquecimento com E. edulis atrav?s de an?lise de
crescimento em duas parcelas de 20x50m. Foram estabelecidas quatro classes de
tamanho de estipe exposta (C1=at? 0,5m; C2 de 0,5 a 1,5m; C3 de 1,3 a 3,0m e C4
acima de 3,0m e com circunfer?ncia a altura do peito (CAP) 15cm) Cada parcela foi
dividida em dez subparcelas de 10x10m, onde todos os palmiteiros da classe C4 tiveram
suas medidas de CAP e altura de estipe exposta tomadas. Em cada subparcela de
10x10m foi alocada uma subparcela de 4,0x4,0m, em que os indiv?duos das classes C1,
C2 e C3 tiveram suas medidas de di?metro de colo, CAP e altura de estipe tomados.
Todos os palmitos foram identificados com placas de alum?nio impressas em baixo
relevo e afixadas com pregos de cobre. A parcela 1 se encontra em regi?o mais baixa,
pr?xima ao c?rrego, enquanto que a parcela 2 se localiza cerca de 50m acima da
primeira parcela. Foram feitas duas medi??es com intervalo de seis meses e, ao final
deste per?odo, foram calculados os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia e de mudan?a de
classe. A an?lise do crescimento em cada amostra, e tamb?m entre elas, foi feita atrav?s
do teste n?o param?trico de Kruskal-Wallis. Caracterizou-se o fragmento atrav?s do
?ndice de similaridade e diversidade de Margalef com outros sete remanescentes de
Mata Atl?ntica com diferentes graus de impacta??o e est?gios sucessionais distintos.
Tamb?m foram comparadas algumas caracter?sticas abi?ticas entre os fragmentos. Os
indiv?duos de C1, C2 e C3 da parcela 1 cresceram significativamente quanto ao
di?metro de colo. Os indiv?duos das mesmas classes da parcela 2 n?o tiveram
crescimento significativo, mas houve crescimento significativo em altura de estipe
exposta para estas classes. Os C4 da parcela 1 cresceram quanto ao CAP, mas os da
parcela 2, n?o. Quanto ? altura de estipe, em ambas as parcelas o crescimento foi
significativo. Os percentuais de sobreviv?ncia foram de 95,8% e 100% nas parcelas 1 e
2, respectivamente.
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Desenvolvimento de um produto em p? probi?tico ? base de ju?ara (Euterpe edulis Martius)PAIM, Diego Renan Sobreiro Falc?o 07 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / CAPES / This study aimed to obtain a product in probiotic powder to ju?ara base, whose palm is being threatened with extinction due to indiscriminate practice of palm heart extraction and, in this sense, add value to this fruit is a proposal in an attempt to preserve the species. Initially, ju?ara pulp added probiotic microorganism Bifidobacterium spp. lactis was subjected to drying by spray drying (spray drying), which promoted a microencapsulation. In this first step, differet types and combinations of carriers agents were evaluated, totalizing four formulations: maltodextrin, maltodextrin + inulin (1:1), maltodextrin + oligofructose (1:1) and maltodextrin + inulin + oligofructose (2:1:1). The samples produced with different formulations were characterized in relation to the viable cell count, phenolics, anthocyanins, ABTS + antiradical activity, density, porosity, particle size and hygroscopicity. The samples produced with maltodextrin + inulin (1: 1) showed the best results, being selected for further stability study. In this study, samples were also produced by freeze drying, in order to compare the processes. The powders produced by the two processes were stored at different temperatures (7 and 35 ? C) and evaluated periodically for 60 days. Results showed that the samples stored at 7?C showed microorganism cell count higher than 107 CFU/g after 60 days of storage, being considered as probiotic products, whereas samples stored at 35?C showed cell counts lower than 104 CFU/g after 30 days. The samples produced by freeze drying showed higher viable cell counts compared to those produced by spray drying, after 30 days of storage. Regarding the phenolic content and antirradical activity, the samples showed a very similar behavior to each other. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo a obten??o de um produto em p? probi?tico ? base de ju?ara, cuja palmeira vem sendo amea?ada de extin??o devido ? pr?tica indiscriminada do extrativismo do palmito e, nesse sentido, agregar valor a esse fruto ? uma proposta, na tentativa de preservar a esp?cie. Inicialmente, a polpa de ju?ara adicionada do microrganismo probi?tico Bifidobacterium spp. lactis foi submetida ao processo de secagem por atomiza??o (spray drying), que promoveu sua microencapsula??o. Nesta primeira etapa, foram avaliados diferentes tipos e combina??es de agentes carreadores, totalizando quatro formula??es: maltodextrina, maltodextrina + inulina (1:1), maltodextrina + oligofrutose (1:1) e maltodextrina + inulina + oligofrutose (2:1:1). As amostras produzidas com as diferentes formula??es foram caracterizadas em rela??o ? contagem de microrganismos vi?veis, fen?licos totais, antocianinas, atividade antirradical ABTS+, densidade, porosidade, higroscopicidade e tamanho de part?culas. As amostras produzidas com maltodextrina + inulina (1:1) foram as que apresentaram os melhores resultados, sendo selecionadas para o posterior estudo de estabilidade. Nesse estudo, as amostras foram produzidas tamb?m por liofiliza??o, a fim de se comparar os processos. O produto em p? produzido pelos dois processos foi estocado a diferentes temperaturas (7 e 35?C) e avaliado periodicamente, durante 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras estocadas a 7?C apresentaram contagem de microrganismos superior a 107 UFC/g ap?s 60 dias de estocagem, podendo ser consideradas probi?ticas, enquanto as amostras armazenadas a 35?C apresentaram contagem inferior a 104 UFC/g a partir de 30 dias. As amostras produzidas por liofiliza??o apresentaram maior contagem quando comparadas ?s produzidas por atomiza??o, a partir de 30 dias de estocagem. Em rela??o ao teor de fen?licos e ? atividade antirradical, as amostras apresentaram comportamentos muito semelhantes entre si.
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Teor de antocianinas totais em frutos intactos de a?a? (euterpe oleracea MART.) e palmiteiro-ju?ara (euterpe edulis MART.) usando espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho pr?ximo e calibra??o multivariadaIn?cio, Maria Raquel Cavalcanti 12 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Neste estudo, foram avaliadas a espectroscopia de reflect?ncia do infravermelho pr?ximo (NIR) e o potencial da calibra??o multivariada como um m?todo r?pido para determinar o teor total de antocianinas em frutos intactos de a?a? e palmiteiro ju?ara. Diversas t?cnicas de calibra??o multivariadas, incluindo regress?o por m?nimos quadrados parciais (PLS), M?nimos Quadrados Parciais por Intervalo (iPLS), algoritmo gen?tico (AG), algoritmo das proje??es sucessivas (APS),foram comparadas e validadas pelo c?lculo das figuras de m?rito. Resultados adequados foram obtidos com o modelo PLS (4 vari?veis latentes e suaviza??o em janela com 5 pontos) com limite de detec??o de 6,2 g.kg-1, limite de quantifica??o de 20,7 g.kg-1, precis?o estimada como raiz quadrada da m?dia do erro da previs?o (RMSEP) de 4,8 g.kg-1, seletividade de 0,79 g.kg-1, sensibilidade de 5,04 x 10-3 g kg-1, precis?o de 27,8 g.kg-1 e a raz?o sinal-ru?do foi de 1,04 x 10-3 g.kg-1. Estes resultados sugerem que a espectroscopia NIR e a calibra??o multivariada podem ser efetivamente usadas para determinar o teor de antocianinas em frutos intactos de a?a? e palmiteiro ju?ara. / In this study was evaluated near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR), and
multivariate calibration potential as a rapid method to determinate anthocyanin content in
intact fruit (a?a? and palmitero-ju?ara). It?s important to develop new methods to determinate
quality parameters in foods, mostly the use of quick techniques, non-invasive and which
have reliable methods. The NIR spectroscopy fills these requirements and these have shown
as an alternative to conventional quality control analysis in several foods, including, fruit.
Currently, analytical methods have been reported to determinate anthocyanin in fruits.
However, the NIR spectroscopy is cited rarely to determinate anthocyanin content in a?a? and
palmitero-ju?ara. This study could contribute to research that already have performed. Several
multivariate calibration techniques, including partial least squares (PLS), interval partial least
squares (iPLS), genetic algorithm (AG), successive projections algorithm (SPA), were
compared and validated by establishing figures of merit. In this job, 139 fruits were used, 69
were acai and 70 were palmiteiro ju?ara. The potential anthocyanin sources has been
quantified using differential pH method, as a reference method. Soon after, the near-infrared
diffuse reflectance spectra have been measured, and finally the chemometrics models have
been built. Suitable results were obtained with the PLS model (four latent variables and 5-
point smoothing) with a detection limit of 6.2 g kg-1, limit of quantification of 20.7 g kg-1,
accuracy estimated as root mean square error of prediction of 4.8 g kg-1, mean selectivity of
0.79 g kg-1, sensitivity of 5.04 x10-3 g kg-1, precision of 27,8 g kg-1, and signal-to-noise ratio
of 1.04 x10-3 g kg-1. These results suggest NIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration can
effectively be used to determine anthocyanin content in intact a?a? and palmitero-ju?ara fruit.
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