Processes having the same bridges as a given reference Markov process constitute its reciprocal class. In this paper we study the reciprocal class of compound Poisson processes whose jumps belong to a finite set A in R^d. We propose a characterization of the reciprocal class as the unique set of probability measures on which a family of time and space transformations induces the same density, expressed in terms of the reciprocal invariants. The geometry of A plays a crucial role in the design of the transformations, and we use tools from discrete geometry to obtain an optimal characterization. We deduce explicit conditions for two Markov jump processes to belong to the same class. Finally, we provide a natural interpretation of the invariants as short-time asymptotics for the probability that the reference process makes a cycle around its current state.

Screens may be utilized efficiently for dissipating the energy of water. In this study, water flowing beneath a gate is used to simulate the flow downstream of a hydraulic structure and screens are used as an alternative mean for energy dissipation. Investigations are done conducting a series of experiments. The porosity, thickness, and the location of the screens are the major parameters together with the Froude number of the upstream flow. The scope of this thesis covers the situation where there is a pseudo-jump formation. The experiments covered a range of Froude numbers between 5 and 18, porosities between 20% and 60%, and location of the screen up to 100 times of the undisturbed upstream flow depth. The thicknesses of the screens used are in the order of the undisturbed upstream flow depth. The results show the importance of each parameter on the energy dissipating performance of the screens and the system. It is observed that screens dissipate more energy than a jump within the range covered in these studies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-298).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60).

In this thesis, we suggest using nano-relays in a network using molecular com- munication in free space to improve the performance of the system in terms of delay. An approximation method for jump diffusion processes, which is based on Markov chains, is used to model molecular propagation in such scenarios. The model is validated through comparing analytic results with simulation results. The results illustrate the advantage of using nano-relays over diffusion in terms of delay. The proposed model is then used to inves- tigate the effect of different parameters, such as filaments’ length and the number of filaments attached to each nano-relay, on the delay performance of the communication technique. We used transient solution of the model in the first set of results. How- ever, stationary solution of the model can generate useful results, too. In the second set of results, the model is extended for an unbounded scenario. Con- sidering the propagation as a one-sided skip free process and using matrix analytic methods, we find the final distribution for the position of informa- tion molecules. It will be shown that it is possible to keep molecules in a desired region. The effect of different parameters on the final distribution for the position of information molecules is investigated, too. This analysis can be useful in drug delivery applications. / February 2016

No description available.

abstract: The gold standard for bone measurement is DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). Typically, to observe changes in bone by DXA, a minimum of a 4-month intervention is required. Serum osteocalcin (OST) (a bone formation marker) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus can be used as indicators of bone change but the sensitivity and time course of these indices to short term interventions are unknown. The purpose of this study was twofold: to compare monthly changes in OST and QUS in response to jump training and to evaluate the relationship between DXA, OST and QUS. Young women with QUS t-scores less than 1.0 were randomized into a jump training (J) (n=16) or control (C) (n=16). J consisted of a progressive routine of 1 and 2-footed jumping performed 3 days per week for 4 months. Body composition, QUS and OST were measured at baseline, and monthly for 4 months. DXA and 24-hour dietary recalls were completed at baseline and 4 months. Low attrition rate (12.5%) and high compliance (98%) with the exercise intervention was recorded. No significant correlations between QUS and OST existed. No significant differences were observed between groups at baseline in body composition or bone variables. Monthly increases in OST were observed but there were no significant differences over time between groups in any bone variables. OST and QUS may be indicative of short term bone changes but these variables were not specifically sensitive to the jumping intervention in this population of women. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2011

Full-body three-dimensional kinematic characteristics were determined for the badminton jump smash and the tennis serve in order to investigate contributions to pace and variability. Kinematic (400 Hz) data were collected for a group of badminton and tennis players, using an 18 camera Vicon Motion Analysis System. Each participant performed 24 jump smashes or tennis serves. The best trials - maximal velocity with minimal marker loss - were analysed for each participant using a 18 segment rigid body model customised for each participant using subject-specific segmental properties. Parameters were calculated describing elements of the badminton jump smash and tennis serve technique as well as variability. The effect of these technique parameters on: speed were addressed using stepwise linear regression and on variability using one-way ANOVA. The results suggest that the fastest badminton players had a smaller elbow extension angle at the end of retraction, a larger wrist extension angle at shuttle contact, and a larger time between preparation and shuttle contact; that accounted for 84% of variation in shuttle speed. The results also showed that variability in the badminton smash was caused by differences in body placement, shuttle location on the racket at impact and movement timings. In the tennis serve, linear regressions showed that there were no variables significant to speed when players hit to the right and left centre court lines. When players hit in the advantage court trunk rotation at the racket lowest point key instant could explain 35.2% of the variation in speed, and when hitting towards the deuce court timing from the end of retraction to ball contact explained 33.6% of ball speed. The results show that there are differences in technique between the badminton jump smash and the tennis serves especially in the first half of the sporting actions.