L'immunité juridictionnelle des États a été pendant des siècles une question incontestée fondée sur le principe de l'égalité des Etats et sur leur indépendance absolue. Cette règle a été élaborée à une époque où tenter une action contre un État dans un pays étranger aurait été considéré comme une violation de sa souveraineté. Toutefois, les fonctions des Etats ont changé au cours des siècles. Désormais, les Etats s’engagent dans les activités commerciales comme une personne privée et jouent un rôle essentiel dans ce secteur.Alors, bien que le droit de l'immunité soit lié à l'octroi de l'immunité aux États pour leur permettre d'accomplir efficacement les fonctions publiques, le droit international moderne n'exige pas que les tribunaux d'un Etat s’abstiennent de connaître un litige simplement parce que l’État étranger n'a pas la volonté de défendre.Ce travail de recherche, est donc consacré à l’étude de l’immunité de juridiction et l’immunité d’exécution afin de montrer le droit international actuel sur la matière.Cette thèse vise à examiner une question spécifique qui a été mise en évidence au cours de ces dernières années. Comment et dans quelle mesure les États et ses démembrements devraient être soumis à des règles spécifiques de l'immunité d’Etat ? / The issue of jurisdictional immunity of states was for centuries an undisputed matter based on the principle of state equality and absolute independence of states. The rules were developed at a time when it was thought to be an infringement of a state's sovereignty to bring proceedings against it or its officials in a foreign country. However, the functions of states have changed over the centuries and nowadays states are involved in commercial activities as a private person and accordingly play an essential role in the commercial activities of the world. In fact, the issue of state immunities is an increasingly important and rapidly developing area of international law and practice. The state practice reflects the emerging global consensus that States and State enterprises can no longer claim absolute, unrestrained immunity from the proper jurisdiction of foreign courts, especially for their commercial activities. Therefore, although the law of state immunity is related to the grant of immunities to states to enable them to carry out their public functions effectively, modern international law does not require the courts of one state to refrain from deciding a case merely because a foreign state is an unwilling defendant. It is therefore important to know how a plea of state immunity may be made and to what type of dispute it applies.

Title: Jurisdictional Immunity of States Abstract The major purpose of this diploma thesis is to clarify the situation of jurisdictional immunity and immunity from enforcement measures of states. This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first part the institute of jurisdictional immunity of states is explained. The first part is divided into several chapters which are dedicated to the specific aspects of jurisdictional immunity. The first chapter deals with the theoretical terms which are closely related the topic such as sovereignty of state and jurisdiction. It was also necessary to explain the difference between the state acts iure imperii and iure gestionis. The following chapter is dedicated to the explanation of the historical evolution of this institute documented by the most significant decisions of national courts which have strongly influenced forming of the state immunities. The legal sources are described in the following chapter, a special attention is paid to the international treaties, national legal acts and also to the situation in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the first part deals with the exceptions from jurisdictional immunity. The second part of the thesis is focused on the topic of state immunity from enforcement measures. This institute is a secondary immunity of...

This thesis aims at description and analyses of the position of diplomatic immunities and human rights in international law, focusing on areas where these two sets of international rules clash. One objective of this work is an attempt to establish a hierarchy between norms granting diplomatic immunities and those protecting fundamental human rights, which could possibly resolve the collision. This solution, however, narrows down to one of most general principles of diplomatic relations, the principal of reciprocity. Mentioned are also some alternative approaches suggested for resolution of this conflict together with the obstacles, which prevent them from use. The thesis further looks at possible remedies against abuse of diplomatic immunity.