Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 211-218.

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Jonathan A. Grant, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Russian and East European Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 19, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 71 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-275). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-275).

Thesis (M.Com. (Development Theory and Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2017 / A flat tax is a single-rate tax on all types of income with a minimum tax-free bracket. In theory, such a tax can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and simplicity of a system, while the distributional effects vary depending on the tax and exemption structure. This dissertation analyses the effects of the flat tax reform introduced in Kazakhstan in 2007, through the review of the major tax changes in the country and a tax simulation exercise. Kazakhstan is a particular case because of a large number of taxes and contributions levied on income and a maximumearnings bracket above which an individual is not taxed. The analysis of macroeconomic data over two decades suggests that the benefits in efficiency, effectiveness, and simplicity are marginal, as well as debatable. The simulation analysis, based on 2007 data, shows that redistribution happened at the expense of the middle-income group as a result of the flat tax reform. The results show that while the flat tax system, along with other factors such as the general trend in the poverty reduction, the imperfect tax schedule of the preceding system, and pro-poor public expenditures, contributed to the improvement of equity overall, the results might be reversed once there is a higher share of the high-income earners. / GR2018

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 416-470). Also available on the Internet for UW community only.

In the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union Central Asia has experienced wide-reaching and ongoing social change. The structures and values of all social strata have been questioned and re-evaluated in a continuing exploration of what it means to be part of the post-Soviet space. Within this space, identity formation and reformation has been a pre-eminent process for individuals, for groups of all kinds and for the newly emerging states and their leaders. Through the analysis of individual interviews and selected newspaper extracts and government policy documents this study explores the ways in which ethnic and state identities are being negotiated in Kazakhstan. Using the social identity theory framework it investigates the value and content of these identities by examining the state ideologies of language and the policies which are their expression as well as the discourses of language and identity engaged in by individuals and in the media. There is an exploration of common and conflicting themes referred to as aspects of these identities, of outgroups deemed relevant for comparison and of the roles of Kazakh and Russian in particular, alongside other languages, in relation to these identities. The study focuses on the availability to an individual of multiple possible identities of differing levels of inclusiveness. The saliency of a particular identity is demonstrated to vary according both to context and to the beliefs and goals of the individual concerned. The importance of discourse to processes of identity formation and maintenance is also described and the interaction between discourse and social context is highlighted. The ongoing construction of a Kazakhstani identity is described and the importance of group norms of hospitality, inclusiveness and interethnic accord observed. The sense of learning from other cultures and of mutual enrichment is also demonstrated. However, these themes exist in tension with those of Kazakhstan as belonging primarily to Kazakhs and of cultural oppression and loss. The multi-dimensional nature of ethnic identity is highlighted as is the difficulty, experienced by some, in maintaining a positive sense of ethnic group identity. Perceptions of the importance of language in the construction of ethnic and state identity are explored as are the tensions created by the ideological and instrumental values adhering to different languages in use in Kazakhstan.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2003. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 416-470).

This research is aimed at understanding versatile and evolving perceptions of childhood in Kazakhstan after the independence of the country. It draws on a variety of primary data including in-depth interviews and surveys with young people and representatives of non- governmental organisations working with young people. This research employs two concepts of sociology of childhood, which address the socio-historical condition of childhood as a social experience. It explores the role children played in traditional Kazakh families in the mid-19th- beginning of the 20th century. It also addresses state policy concerning children in Kazakhstan after independence. This research presents an analysis of how young participants perceive categories of ‘child’ and ‘adult.’ The question is raised whether traditional thresholds of childhood like education, marriage, and financial independence still play a role in understanding the transition from childhood to adulthood. Further, it presents a dialogue between young participants of this research with their older contemporaries on the characteristics of the young generation born after the independence. Finally, it sheds more light on discrimination of young females in the family and society.

The given master's thesis is devoted to the research of migration role in the demographic development of the population structure of South Kazakhstan region in the period from 1999 to 2008. The region differs from other regions by a relatively high birth rate a low death rate and a high migratory exchange, both in an internal migration and in interregional migration. On the one hand, South Kazakhstan region is a donor for other regions in the country, and, on the other hand, is a recipient in international migration. On this basis the research considers migration role in the change of the total number of the population, and also in the changes of sex-age structures of the population which is exposed to changes owing to migration. The urgency and importance of the given research consists in considering the role of migration in changes of the population of the region. While considering the general changes, which migration makes in population structure, the streams of migration were divided into international and interregional migration. That's why this research shows the level of the influence of international and interregional migration on changes of the population structure. Key words: Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan region, population development, development of age- sex structure, the role of migration.