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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Adaptive registration using 2D and 3D features for indoor scene reconstruction. / Registro adaptativo usando características 2D e 3D para reconstrução de cenas em ambientes internos.

Perafán Villota, Juan Carlos 27 October 2016 (has links)
Pairwise alignment between point clouds is an important task in building 3D maps of indoor environments with partial information. The combination of 2D local features with depth information provided by RGB-D cameras are often used to improve such alignment. However, under varying lighting or low visual texture, indoor pairwise frame registration with sparse 2D local features is not a particularly robust method. In these conditions, features are hard to detect, thus leading to misalignment between consecutive pairs of frames. The use of 3D local features can be a solution as such features come from the 3D points themselves and are resistant to variations in visual texture and illumination. Because varying conditions in real indoor scenes are unavoidable, we propose a new framework to improve the pairwise frame alignment using an adaptive combination of sparse 2D and 3D features based on both the levels of geometric structure and visual texture contained in each scene. Experiments with datasets including unrestricted RGB-D camera motion and natural changes in illumination show that the proposed framework convincingly outperforms methods using 2D or 3D features separately, as reflected in better level of alignment accuracy. / O alinhamento entre pares de nuvens de pontos é uma tarefa importante na construção de mapas de ambientes em 3D. A combinação de características locais 2D com informação de profundidade fornecida por câmeras RGB-D são frequentemente utilizadas para melhorar tais alinhamentos. No entanto, em ambientes internos com baixa iluminação ou pouca textura visual o método usando somente características locais 2D não é particularmente robusto. Nessas condições, as características 2D são difíceis de serem detectadas, conduzindo a um desalinhamento entre pares de quadros consecutivos. A utilização de características 3D locais pode ser uma solução uma vez que tais características são extraídas diretamente de pontos 3D e são resistentes a variações na textura visual e na iluminação. Como situações de variações em cenas reais em ambientes internos são inevitáveis, essa tese apresenta um novo sistema desenvolvido com o objetivo de melhorar o alinhamento entre pares de quadros usando uma combinação adaptativa de características esparsas 2D e 3D. Tal combinação está baseada nos níveis de estrutura geométrica e de textura visual contidos em cada cena. Esse sistema foi testado com conjuntos de dados RGB-D, incluindo vídeos com movimentos irrestritos da câmera e mudanças naturais na iluminação. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a nossa proposta supera aqueles métodos que usam características 2D ou 3D separadamente, obtendo uma melhora da precisão no alinhamento de cenas em ambientes internos reais.
2

Adaptive registration using 2D and 3D features for indoor scene reconstruction. / Registro adaptativo usando características 2D e 3D para reconstrução de cenas em ambientes internos.

Juan Carlos Perafán Villota 27 October 2016 (has links)
Pairwise alignment between point clouds is an important task in building 3D maps of indoor environments with partial information. The combination of 2D local features with depth information provided by RGB-D cameras are often used to improve such alignment. However, under varying lighting or low visual texture, indoor pairwise frame registration with sparse 2D local features is not a particularly robust method. In these conditions, features are hard to detect, thus leading to misalignment between consecutive pairs of frames. The use of 3D local features can be a solution as such features come from the 3D points themselves and are resistant to variations in visual texture and illumination. Because varying conditions in real indoor scenes are unavoidable, we propose a new framework to improve the pairwise frame alignment using an adaptive combination of sparse 2D and 3D features based on both the levels of geometric structure and visual texture contained in each scene. Experiments with datasets including unrestricted RGB-D camera motion and natural changes in illumination show that the proposed framework convincingly outperforms methods using 2D or 3D features separately, as reflected in better level of alignment accuracy. / O alinhamento entre pares de nuvens de pontos é uma tarefa importante na construção de mapas de ambientes em 3D. A combinação de características locais 2D com informação de profundidade fornecida por câmeras RGB-D são frequentemente utilizadas para melhorar tais alinhamentos. No entanto, em ambientes internos com baixa iluminação ou pouca textura visual o método usando somente características locais 2D não é particularmente robusto. Nessas condições, as características 2D são difíceis de serem detectadas, conduzindo a um desalinhamento entre pares de quadros consecutivos. A utilização de características 3D locais pode ser uma solução uma vez que tais características são extraídas diretamente de pontos 3D e são resistentes a variações na textura visual e na iluminação. Como situações de variações em cenas reais em ambientes internos são inevitáveis, essa tese apresenta um novo sistema desenvolvido com o objetivo de melhorar o alinhamento entre pares de quadros usando uma combinação adaptativa de características esparsas 2D e 3D. Tal combinação está baseada nos níveis de estrutura geométrica e de textura visual contidos em cada cena. Esse sistema foi testado com conjuntos de dados RGB-D, incluindo vídeos com movimentos irrestritos da câmera e mudanças naturais na iluminação. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a nossa proposta supera aqueles métodos que usam características 2D ou 3D separadamente, obtendo uma melhora da precisão no alinhamento de cenas em ambientes internos reais.
3

Anatomy of the SIFT method / L'Anatomie de la méthode SIFT

Rey Otero, Ives 26 September 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse est une analyse approfondie de la méthode SIFT, la méthode de comparaison d'images la plus populaire. En proposant un échantillonnage du scale-space Gaussien, elle est aussi la première méthode à mettre en pratique la théorie scale-space et faire usage de ses propriétés d'invariance aux changements d'échelles.SIFT associe à une image un ensemble de descripteurs invariants aux changements d'échelle, invariants à la rotation et à la translation. Les descripteurs de différentes images peuvent être comparés afin de mettre en correspondance les images. Compte tenu de ses nombreuses applications et ses innombrables variantes, étudier un algorithme publié il y a une décennie pourrait surprendre. Il apparaît néanmoins que peu a été fait pour réellement comprendre cet algorithme majeur et établir de façon rigoureuse dans quelle mesure il peut être amélioré pour des applications de haute précision. Cette étude se découpe en quatre parties. Le calcul exact du scale-space Gaussien, qui est au cœur de la méthode SIFT et de la plupart de ses compétiteurs, est l'objet de la première partie.La deuxième partie est une dissection méticuleuse de la longue chaîne de transformations qui constitue la méthode SIFT. Chaque paramètre y est documenté et son influence analysée. Cette dissection est aussi associé à une publication en ligne de l'algorithme. La description détaillée s'accompagne d'un code en C ainsi que d'une plateforme de démonstration permettant l'analyse par le lecteur de l'influence de chaque paramètre. Dans la troisième partie, nous définissons un cadre d'analyse expérimental exact dans le but de vérifier que la méthode SIFT détecte de façon fiable et stable les extrema du scale-space continue à partir de la grille discrète. En découlent des conclusions pratiques sur le bon échantillonnage du scale-space Gaussien ainsi que sur les stratégies de filtrage de points instables. Ce même cadre expérimental est utilisé dans l'analyse de l'influence de perturbations dans l'image (aliasing, bruit, flou). Cette analyse démontre que la marge d'amélioration est réduite pour la méthode SIFT ainsi que pour toutes ses variantes s'appuyant sur le scale-space pour extraire des points d'intérêt. L'analyse démontre qu'un suréchantillonnage du scale-space permet d'améliorer l'extraction d'extrema et que se restreindre aux échelles élevées améliore la robustesse aux perturbations de l'image.La dernière partie porte sur l'évaluation des performances de détecteurs de points. La métrique de performance la plus généralement utilisée est la répétabilité. Nous démontrons que cette métrique souffre pourtant d'un biais et qu'elle favorise les méthodes générant des détections redondantes. Afin d'éliminer ce biais, nous proposons une variante qui prend en considération la répartition spatiale des détections. A l'aide de cette correction nous réévaluons l'état de l'art et montrons que, une fois la redondance des détections prise en compte, la méthode SIFT est meilleure que nombre de ses variantes les plus modernes. / This dissertation contributes to an in-depth analysis of the SIFT method. SIFT is the most popular and the first efficient image comparison model. SIFT is also the first method to propose a practical scale-space sampling and to put in practice the theoretical scale invariance in scale space. It associates with each image a list of scale invariant (also rotation and translation invariant) features which can be used for comparison with other images. Because after SIFT feature detectors have been used in countless image processing applications, and because of an intimidating number of variants, studying an algorithm that was published more than a decade ago may be surprising. It seems however that not much has been done to really understand this central algorithm and to find out exactly what improvements we can hope for on the matter of reliable image matching methods. Our analysis of the SIFT algorithm is organized as follows. We focus first on the exact computation of the Gaussian scale-space which is at the heart of SIFT as well as most of its competitors. We provide a meticulous dissection of the complex chain of transformations that form the SIFT method and a presentation of every design parameter from the extraction of invariant keypoints to the computation of feature vectors. Using this documented implementation permitting to vary all of its own parameters, we define a rigorous simulation framework to find out if the scale-space features are indeed correctly detected by SIFT, and which sampling parameters influence the stability of extracted keypoints. This analysis is extended to see the influence of other crucial perturbations, such as errors on the amount of blur, aliasing and noise. This analysis demonstrates that, despite the fact that numerous methods claim to outperform the SIFT method, there is in fact limited room for improvement in methods that extract keypoints from a scale-space. The comparison of many detectors proposed in SIFT competitors is the subject of the last part of this thesis. The performance analysis of local feature detectors has been mainly based on the repeatability criterion. We show that this popular criterion is biased toward methods producing redundant (overlapping) descriptors. We therefore propose an amended evaluation metric and use it to revisit a classic benchmark. For the amended repeatability criterion, SIFT is shown to outperform most of its more recent competitors. This last fact corroborates the unabating interest in SIFT and the necessity of a thorough scrutiny of this method.

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