Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-106).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-59).

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin. School of Nursing, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A guanilina e a uroguanilina foram recentemente descobertas, respectivamente, no intestino e na urina, (Currie et al., 1992; Hamra et al., 1993). Fazem parte da famÃlia de peptÃdeos que ativam a guanilato ciclase de membrana (GC-C), aumentando os nÃveis intracelulares de cGMP (Schulz et al., 1990). EstÃo presentes em diversos tecidos, como respiratÃrio, linfonodos, testÃculos, cÃrebro e medula adrenal (Field et a.l., 1978; Forte et al., 1988, 1989; Hamra et al., 1993; Schulz et al., 1992). Foi comprovado que adicionando uma lisina na porÃÃo N-terminal, obtÃm-se um anÃlogo mais estÃvel e potente que a guanilina. O objetivo desse estudo à pesquisar os efeitos renais de um novo anÃlogo, ser-thr-lys-guanilina em sistema de perfusÃo. Os rins foram perfundidos com a soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit modificada com 6g% de albumina bovina. Os dados foram comparados atravÃs de teste t de Student e ANOVA, com significÃncia p<0,05. Na dose de 0,1 Âg/mL, esse peptÃdeo apresentou efeitos similares aos da uroguanilina, na dose de 0,5 Âg/mL, em todos os parÃmetros testados. Ambas causaram aumento na pressÃo de perfusÃo (PP: de 101,5Â3,7 para 111Â2,9mmHg; de 101,2Â2,6 para 113,4Â2,5mmHg), no fluxo urinÃrio (FU: de 0,158Â0,016 para 0,223Â0,01 mL.g-1.min-1; de 0,16Â0,016 para 0,226Â0,2mL.g-1.min-1) e diminuiÃÃo no transporte tubular total e proximal de sÃdio (%TNa+: de 0,774Â0,06 para 0,724Â0,035; de 0,735Â0,065 para 0,773Â0,084), potÃssio (%TK+: de 66,89Â2,77 para 47,29Â3,34; de 63,54Â3,82 para 42,54Â8,14) e cloreto (%TCl-: de 85,69Â1,19 para 73,59Â2,63). Esses resultados foram similares aos previamente descritos apÃs a administraÃÃo da toxina termo-estÃvel da Escherichia coli (STa), guanilina, uroguanilina e lys-guanilina no mesmo sistema (Lima et al., 1992; Fonteles et al., 1996 e 1998). A dose maior (1 Âg/mL) causou aÃÃo antidiurÃtica (FU: de 0,165Â0,004 para 0,111Â0,009mL.g-1.min-1) e nenhum efeito sobre o transporte de sÃdio, embora a diminuiÃÃo na reabsorÃÃo tubular de potÃssio (%TK+: de 72,29Â1,2 para 49,73Â6,75) e cloreto (%TCl-: de 85,96Â0,79 para 81,9Â1,47) continuassem presentes. Nesta dose, nÃo apenas bloqueou o efeito diurÃtico da uroguanilina, como continuou causando um efeito antidiurÃtico significativo (FU: de 0,168Â0,004 para 0,116Â0,006). No entanto, nÃo foi capaz de bloquear os efeitos natriurÃticos da uroguanilina (%TNa+: de 85,35Â2,55 para 79,92Â1,05). O mecanismo de aÃÃo renal preciso dos peptÃdeos da famÃlia das guanilinas ainda nÃo foi completamente esclarecido. Sabe-se que esses peptÃdeos se ligam aos receptores GC-C (Schulz et al., 1990), porÃm hà indÃcios de que existam outras vias de aÃÃo renal, independentes desse receptor. Hà ainda a possibilidade de que haja duas entidades agindo de modo antagÃnico no sistema. Talvez haja a necessidade de isolÃ-los. A descoberta dos peptÃdeos da famÃlia das guanilinas promoveu avanÃos significativos na compreensÃo da regulaÃÃo endÃgena dos transportes de Ãgua e eletrÃlitos. O completo esclarecimento do seu mecanismo de aÃÃo renal oferece perspectivas reais para o tratamento de doenÃas como a hipertensÃo arterial. / Guanylin and uroguanylin are members of a family of peptides that stimulates cGMP production in several organic tissues, as intestine, kidney, airway, linfonodes, testis, brain and adrenal medulla (Field et a.l., 1978; Forte et al., 1988, 1989; Hamra et al., 1993; Schulz et al., 1992). Their 15 amino acid structures have been identified from rat intestine and opossum urine, respectively (Currie et al., 1992; Hamra et al., 1993), and they seem to be the link between intestine and kidney functions in controling blood pressure, as the âintestinal natriuretic hormoneâ suggested by some authors (Carey, 1978; Lennane et al., 1975). It was demonstrated that a Lysine-1 analog of guanylin is a more potent natriuretic and kaliuretic peptide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal effects of a novel analog of guanylin: ser-thr-lys-guanylin. Its effects were examined using isolated perfused kidneys from Wistar rats. All experiments were preceded by a 30 minutes internal control period and an external control group (C), in which the kidneys were perfused only with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6g% of a previously dialysed bovine albumine serum. The data was analyzed by Student t-test and ANOVA. The level of significance was set at p<0,05. Ser-thr-lys-guanylin, at the lowest dose (0.1 Âg/mL) and uroguanylin (0.5Âg/mL) caused similar effects. Both groups were able to increase perfusion presure (PP: 101.5Â3.7 to 111Â2.9mmHg; 101.2Â2.6 to 113.4Â2.5 mmHg), urinary flow (UF: 0.158Â0.016 to 0.223Â0.019 mL.g-1.min-1; 0.16Â0.016 to 0.226Â0.2mL.g-1.min-1) and to decrease sodium (%TNa+: 0.774Â0.06 to 0.724Â0.035; 0.735Â0.065 to 0.773Â0.084), potassium (%TK+: 66.89Â2.77 to 47.29Â3.34; 63.54Â3.82 to 42.54Â8.14) and cloride (%TCl-: 85.69Â1.19 to 73.59Â2.63) tubular reabsorption. Similar effects were also found in response to the Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), guanylin, uroguanylin and lys-guanylin in the same system (Lima et al., 1992; Fonteles et al., 1996 e 1998). However, a greater dose (1Âg/mL), not only caused signifcantly decrease in the urinary flow (UF: 0.165Â0.004 to 0.111Â0.009 mL.g-1.min-1), but was also able to block the diuretic effects of uroguanylin (UF: 0.168Â0.004 to 0.116Â0.006 mL.g-1.min-1), although it still decreased potassium (%TK+: 72.29Â1.2 to 49.73Â6.75) and cloride(%TCl-: 85.96Â0.79 to 81.9Â1.47) tubular reabsorption. The precise renal mecanism of action of this family of peptides has not yet been fully elucidated. Deletion of GC-C genes in transgenic mice reveals that intestinal fluid secretion responses to STa are completely lost (Schulz et al., 1997 & Mann et al., 1997), but the natriuretic responses to STa and uroguanylin are retained (Carrithers et al., 1999), suggesting that other receptors are envolved. There is a possibility that there are to peptides causing antagonic effects. Further isolation may be necessary. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific renal mechanism of action of this new peptide. The discovery of guanylin and its family has promoted significant advances in the understanding of endogenous control of salt, water and eletrolites. The study of its analogs in perfused rat kidneys could help in elucidating their specific renal mecanism of action and bring great perspectives in the control of blood pressure.

Thesis (D.Sc.N.S.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, 1993 (Nutritional Sciences). / Includes bibliography (leaves 176-187) / This dissertation has been presented in two related studies: A. Fish Oil Reduces Proteinuria and Interstitial Injury but not GIomerulosclerosis in the Milan Nomotensive Rat Rats of the Milan Normotensive strain (MNS) spontaneously develop severe Proteinuria and excessive glomemlar thromboxane (Tx)A2 PrOduction at a young age. These are accompanied by podocyte alterations and progressive focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and interstitial fibrosis. Since previous studies showed that pharmacologic... [TRUNCATED]

Exercise tolerance, measured as peak oxygen consumption (VO₂ peak), is very low in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Due to their associated anaemia and low peak heart rates during maximal exercise it has been argued that the reduced blood oxygen carrying capacity and central cardiovascular limitations are primarily responsible for the poor exercise tolerance of these patients. However, others suggest that peripheral (skeletal muscle) limitations including impaired substrate utilization, muscle weakness caused by peripheral neuropathy and myopathy, malnutrition and general physical deconditioning are responsible for the poor exercise tolerance. The present thesis was therefore designed to study whether central cardiovascular function or anaemia or muscle weakness causes patients with end-stage renal failure to terminate exercise at workrates well below those achieved by healthy controls.

During the last ten years, several patients have presented to the Renal Unit of Groote Schuur Hospital with acute renal failure following the use of traditional (N'anga or Gqirha) medication. The history together with abnormal liver-function tests and renal failure was thought to be suggestive of a toxic aetiology. The specific toxin however remained unknown, until during the admission of one patient, a relative brought in the medication, analysis of which revealed a high concentration of potassium dichromate. Subsequently elevated levels of chromium were demonstrated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the blood and urine of this patient. Following this case there have been six further cases of acute renal failure resulting from use of dichromate containing traditional remedies. These remedies were obtained from a variety of sources including street-hawkers, herbal chemists, and traditional healers. Clinical and laboratory data relating to these seven patients will be presented.

During the last ten years, several patients have presented to the Renal Unit of Groote Schuur Hospital with acute renal failure following the use of traditional (N'anga or Gqirha) medication. The history together with abnormal liver-function tests and renal failure was thought to be suggestive of a toxic aetiology. The specific toxin however remained unknown, until during the admission of one patient, a relative brought in the medication, analysis of which revealed a high concentration of potassium dichromate. Subsequently elevated levels of chromium were demonstrated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the blood and urine of this patient. Following this case there have been six further cases of acute renal failure resulting from use of dichromate containing traditional remedies. These remedies were obtained from a variety of sources including street-hawkers, herbal chemists, and traditional healers. Clinical and laboratory data relating to these seven patients will be presented.

No description available.