To obtain the rupture history of the Parkfield, California, earthquake, we perform 12 kinematic inversions using elliptical sub-faults. The preferred model has a seismic moment of 1.21 x 10^18 Nm, distributed on two distinct ellipses. The average rupture speed is ~2.7 km/s. The good spatial agreement with previous large earthquakes and aftershocks in the region, suggests the presence of permanent asperities that break during large earthquakes. We investigate our inversion method with several tests. We demonstrate its capability to retrieve the rupture process. We show that the convergence of the inversion is controlled by the space-time location of the rupture front. Additional inversions show that our procedure is not highly influenced by high-frequency signal, while we observe high sensitivity to the waveforms duration. After considering kinematic inversion, we present a full dynamic inversion for the Parkfield earthquake using elliptical sub-faults. The best fitting model has a seismic moment of 1.18 x 10^18 Nm, distributed on one ellipse. The rupture speed is ~2.8 km/s. Inside the parameter-space, the models are distributed according the rupture speed and final seismic moment, defining a optimal region where models fit correctly the data. Furthermore, to make the preferred kinematic model both dynamically correct while fitting the data, we show it is necessary to connect the two ellipses. This is done by adopting a new approach that uses b-spline curves. Finally, we relocate earthquakes in the vicinity of the Darfield, New-Zealand earthquake. 40 years prior to the earthquake, where there is the possibility of earthquake migration towards its epicentral region. Once it triggers the 2010-2011 earthquake sequence, we observe earthquakes migrating inside regions of stress increase. We also observe a stress increase on a large seismic gap of the Alpine Fault, as well as on some portions of the Canterbury Plains that remain today seismically quiet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesSF_DISSERT_1-74.pdf: 3503129 bytes, checksum: 43d4d5f0a963aecc3dec332abad3bc2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / The Cumuruxatiba basin is located at the southern coast State of Bahia in northeastern of Brazil. This basin was formed in distensional context, with rifting and subsequent thermal phase during Neocomian to late Cretaceous. At Cenozoic ages, the Abrolhos magmatism occurs in the basin with peaks during the Paleocene and Eocene. In this period, there was a kinematic inversion in the basin represented by folds related to reverse faults. Structural restoration of regional 2D seismic sections revealed that most of the deformation was concentrated at the beginning of the Cenozoic time with the peak at the Lower Eocene. The post-Eocene is marked by a decrease of strain rate to the present. The 3D structural modeling revealed a fold belt (trending EW to NE-SW) accommodating the deformation between the Royal Charlotte and Sulphur Minerva volcanic highs. The volcanic eruptions have caused a differential overburden on the borders of the basin. This acted as the trigger for halokinesis, as demonstrated by physical modeling in literature. Consequently, the deformation tends to be higher in the edges of the basin. The volcanic rocks occur mainly as concordant structures (sills) in the syn-tectonic sediment deposition showing a concomitant deformation. The isopach maps and diagrams of axis orientation of deformation revealed that most of the folds were activated and reactivated at different times during the Cenozoic. The folds exhibit diverse kinematic patterns over time as response to behavior of adjacent volcanic highs. These interpretations allied with information on the petroleum system of the basin are important in mapping the prospects for hydrocarbons / A Bacia de Cumuruxatiba est? localizada no extremo sul da costa do Estado da Bahia, no Nordeste do Brasil. Esta bacia foi formada em ambiente distensional, com rifteamento e posterior fase termal durante o Neocomiano at? final do Cret?ceo. Durante o Cenoz?ico ocorre o magmatismo de Abrolhos na bacia com picos durante o Paleoceno e Eoceno. Neste per?odo ocorre uma invers?o cinem?tica na bacia representada por dobras relacionadas a falhas reversas. Restaura??es estruturais regionais de se??es s?smicas 2D, revelaram que a maior parte da deforma??o est? concentrada no inicio do Cenoz?ico com o pico no Eoceno Inferior. O per?odo p?s-Eoceno ? marcado pela diminui??o da taxa de deforma??o at? o presente. A modelagem estrutural 3D revelou uma frente de dobras (de orienta??o E-W variando para NE-SW) acomodando a deforma??o entre os altos vulc?nicos de Royal Charlotte e Sulphur Minerva. Os derrames vulc?nicos causaram uma sobrecarga diferencial nas bordas da bacia que serviu de gatilho para atua??o da halocinese, como j? demonstrado em modelagens f?sicas na literatura. Consequentemente, a deforma??o tende a ser maior na bordas da bacia. As rochas vulc?nicas ocorrem principalmente como estruturas concordantes (sills) nos sedimentos sin-tect?nicos revelando uma deposi??o concomitante ? deforma??o. O estudo dos mapas de is?pacas e diagramas com orienta??o do eixo de deforma??o revelaram que maior parte das dobras foram ativadas e reativadas em diferentes per?odos durante o Cenoz?ico. As dobras apresentam padr?es cinem?ticos variados ao longo do tempo que refletem a atua??o diferencial dos altos vulc?nicos adjacentes. Estas interpreta??es aliadas a informa??es sobre os sistemas petrol?feros da bacia s?o importantes no mapeamento dos prospectos para hidrocarbonetos