<p> This study was designed to investigate carbohydrate supplementation during cheerleading training and its effect on performance. Seventeen participants in four trials; one to gather anthropometric data and 1-repetition maximums, one familiarization trial, a carbohydrate trial, and a placebo trial. The exercises used were power snatches from a hang position, push jerks, front squats, and box squats. The exercises most mimicked a standard strength and conditioning practice for cheerleaders. Performance was measured by calculating the difference between pre- and post-training values in vertical jump repetitions, peak power, average power, peak velocity, and average velocity in a power snatch, and a 200-m shuttle sprint. Performance values for carbohydrate and placebo trials were analyzed using a paired sample t-test, which found no significant difference between the carbohydrate and placebo trials. </p><p>

<p> The purpose of this study was to determine if the strength and range of motion (ROM) of the calf, ankle and/or foot are related to the presence of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) in female athletes. A secondary analysis examined the efficacy of lower leg and/or ankle strengthening and stretching exercises on the presence and treatment of MTSS. The participants were measured for isometric strength of the dorsiflexors, plantarflexors, invertors and evertors, passive and active dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion ROM, anterior drawer test and weight-bearing lunge test. </p><p> Significant differences between the participants with and without MTSS were tested using two sample independent <i>t</i>-tests for the continuous variables and chi-squares for the categorical variables. Two-way ANOVA was used for the secondary analysis. No statistically significant results were found for the secondary analysis due to the sample size; however, the results of the <i>t</i>-tests and chi-squares showed a significant difference passive plantarflexion ROM, weigh<i>t</i>-bearing lunge test, Body Mass Index (BMI), sport and semesters playing at the collegiate level between participants without MTSS versus with MTSS. This investigation suggests that restricted dorsiflexion, increased plantarflexion, high BMI, type of sports and semesters playing at the collegiate level may be associated to the presence of MTSS in female athletes.</p><p>