Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

If companies want to create competition advantage, they must operate with knowledge. Knowledge can be divided to tacit and explicit dimension. Tacit knowledge is not easy to express, it is in heads of workers. It is hard to transfer tacit knowledge to others and organizations have limited possibilities to operate with it. But 90% of all knowledge is tacit. Knowledge can grow, keeps its degree or decrease during the life cycle. Tacit knowledge can be built by learning or by creative thinking. Knowledge can be acquired by combinations from current knowledge, information and other ingredients. Knowledge is conserved in organization through telling stories, sharing in communities or by apprenticeship. Mentoring and coaching are very important for handling knowledge over persons in organization. Knowledge is liable to influences which decrease their value. These influences are biological (person leaves the organization) or comparative. Although the value of knowledge in organization is still on the same level, when competition build their knowledge, the level of organization relatively decrease. There are several instruments to scale up knowledge, care for it or not to lose its value for each phase of knowledge life cycle. The empiric research was focused on working with tacit knowledge in organizations in the Czech Republic. According to analysis of current theory and outputs from the research there is proposed the model how to work with tacit knowledge from its dynamic perspective.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T14:34:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4134921 bytes, checksum: 1363a61f0eb1b30e9db2f586754441d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-22T14:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4134921 bytes, checksum: 1363a61f0eb1b30e9db2f586754441d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / The research constitutes the exploratory nature and is characterized as a link-shared investigation. The study reported here aimed to verify which practices, ideals, the internal settings, the prior knowledge and fundamental relationship. Thus, a scholar’s life can interact with both student and school. The study has been developed in a school with humanistic principles. The School Nossa Senhora do Carmo is a social project of Carmel Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mother Teresa, a school for farmers and people in less favourable social status located in the city of Bananeiras – PB. It was used the multi-referential approach to understand the object under study and analysis as its instruments such as cross methodologies, through individual and group interviews, meetings of educational records notes, documents, portfolio, PPP, academic book records and student committees , papers evaluation practices, expectations of research and projective techniques of multiple narratives. The School has its ideals grounded in humanistic experiences and consolidates its practices in popular education and rural education and seeks to develop a democratic management through collegiate instruments. With all the work, the School has helped in improving the quality of student life, teachers, staff and community. Besides it strengthens and adds the local culture knowledge and principles, as well as material element to its surroundings due to the commitment and hard work in the pursuit of an integrated and inclusive education, which includes free and liberating, humane and humanizing and by woven relations based on dialog and autonomy, where everyone feels part of the School itself. / Constituindo-se num trabalho de natureza exploratória e caracterizada como uma pesquisa vínculo-compartilhada, o estudo aqui relatado teve como objetivo geral verificar quais as práticas, os ideais, as configurações internas, os saberes prévios e as relações fundamentais para que uma vida possa acontecer no corpo a corpo que dá sentido à Escola. Para tanto, o estudo foi desenvolvido numa escola com ideais humanísticos, que se propõe desenvolver uma educação libertadora e a busca da autonomia de seus sujeitos. A Escola Nossa Senhora do Carmo é um projeto social do Carmelo Sagrado Coração de Jesus e Madre Teresa, uma escola para lavradores e pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social, localizada no município de Bananeiras-PB. Utilizou-se da abordagem multirreferencial para a compreensão do objeto em estudo e como instrumentos de análises, metodologias cruzadas, através de entrevistas individuais e coletivas, anotações de registros de encontros pedagógicos, documentos, portfólio, PPP, cadernos de registros de colegiado e comitês estudantis, cadernos de instrumentos avaliativos, pesquisas de expectativas e técnicas projetivas de narrativas múltiplas. A Escola tem seus ideais fundamentados em experiências humanísticas e consolida suas práticas na educação popular e na educação do campo e busca desenvolver uma gestão democrática, através de instrumentos colegiados. Com todo o trabalho realizado, a Escola tem ajudado na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos educandos, educadores, funcionários e comunidade, na medida em que fortalece e agrega saberes e princípios da cultura local, bem como se constitui como elemento importante para seu entorno, devido ao trabalho desenvolvido na busca de uma educação integrada e integradora, liberta e libertadora, humanizada e humanizadora, bem como pelas relações tecidas fundamentadas na dialogicidade e na autonomia, onde todos se sentem parte integrante da Escola.

The present work deals with Description Logics (DLs), a class of knowledge representation formalisms used to represent and reason about classes of individuals and relations between such classes in a formally well-defined way. We provide novel results in three main directions. (1) Tractable reasoning revisited: in the 1990s, DL research has largely answered the question for practically relevant yet tractable DL formalisms in the negative. Due to novel application domains, especially the Life Sciences, and a surprising tractability result by Baader, we have re-visited this question, this time looking in a new direction: general terminologies (TBoxes) and extensions thereof defined over the DL EL and extensions thereof. As main positive result, we devise EL++(D)-CBoxes as a tractable DL formalism with optimal expressivity in the sense that every additional standard DL constructor, every extension of the TBox formalism, or every more powerful concrete domain, makes reasoning intractable. (2) Non-standard inferences for knowledge maintenance: non-standard inferences, such as matching, can support domain experts in maintaining DL knowledge bases in a structured and well-defined way. In order to extend their availability and promote their use, the present work extends the state of the art of non-standard inferences both w.r.t. theory and implementation. Our main results are implementations and performance evaluations of known matching algorithms for the DLs ALE and ALN, optimal non-deterministic polynomial time algorithms for matching under acyclic side conditions in ALN and sublanguages, and optimal algorithms for matching w.r.t. cyclic (and hybrid) EL-TBoxes. (3) Non-standard inferences over general concept inclusion (GCI) axioms: the utility of GCIs in modern DL knowledge bases and the relevance of non-standard inferences to knowledge maintenance naturally motivate the question for tractable DL formalism in which both can be provided. As main result, we propose hybrid EL-TBoxes as a solution to this hitherto open question.

Rapid change is a defining characteristic of our modern society. This has huge impact on society, governments, and businesses. Businesses are forced to fundamentally transform themselves to survive in a challenging economy. Transformation implies change in the way business is conducted, in the way people perform their contribution to the organisation, and in the way the organisation perceives and manages its vital assets – which increasingly are built around the key assets of intellectual capital and knowledge. The latest management tool and realisation of how to respond to the challenges of the economy in the new millennium, is the idea of "knowledge management" (KM). In this study we have focused on synthesising the many confusing points of view about the subject area, such as: <ul><li> a. different focus points or perspectives; </li><li> b. different definitions and positioning of the subject; as well as</li><li> c. a bewildering number of definitions of what knowledge is and what KM entails.</li></ul> There exists a too blurred distinction in popular-magazine-like sources about this area between subjects and concepts such as: knowledge versus information versus data; the difference between information management and knowledge management; tools available to tackle the issues in this field of study and practice; and the role technology plays versus the huge hype from some journalists and within the vendor community. Today there appears to be a lack of a coherent set of frameworks to abstract, comprehend, and explain this subject area; let alone to build successful systems and technologies with which to apply KM. The study is comprised of two major parts:<ul><li> 1. In the first part the study investigates the concepts, elements, drivers, and challenges related to KM. A set of models for comprehending these issues and notions is contributed as we considered intellectual capital, organizational learning, communities of practice, and best practices. </li><li> 2. The second part focuses on the technology perspective of KM. Although KM is primarily concerned with non-technical issues this study concentrates on the technical issues and challenges. A new technology framework for KM is proposed to position and relate the different KM technologies as well as the two key applications of KM, namely knowledge portals and knowledge discovery (including text mining). </li></ul> It is concluded that KM and related concepts and notions need to be understood firmly as well as effectively positioned and employed to support the modern business organisation in its quest to survive and grow. The main thesis is that KM technology is a necessary but insufficient prerequisite and a key enabler for successful KM in a rapidly changing business environment. / Thesis (PhD (Computer Science))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Computer Science / unrestricted