Freiburg i. Br., Univ., Diss., 2005.

The notion of a curve played important role in the history of mathematical thought. This dissertation is focused on the conception of a curve in analysis, point set theory and topology. The rectification of curves and the notion of arc length are considered in connection with the history of analysis from antiquity to the beginning of the 20th century. "Measurement of curves" is also discussed from the measure-theoretic viewpoint and various definitions of linear measure and fractional dimension are described. Historically, there are two main approaches to understanding curves. Jordan defined a curve as a continuous image of a closed interval. However, his definition appeared to be too wide, since it was met by objects such as the Peano curve. In the point set theory, a curve is considered to be a one-dimensional continuum. The development of the dimension theory and the continuum theory, starting with the pioneering work of Bolzano, was motivated by the search for rigorous topological definition of a curve, a surface etc. Among "pathological" curves, that were often introduced as counterexamples in the development of modern analysis, we can find early examples of fractals. The fractal theory motivated further study of mathematical properties of these curves in the late 20th century, such as self-similarity and...

We present a unique design of a post-focal instrument suitable to detect fast changes of flux in waveband 350 - 440 nm. As it is not possible to measure the Sun as a star because of a strong background radiation in this waveband and using a thin slit makes it impossible to measure the whole flaring area we made a set of circular diaphragms of different sizes able to collect light only from a limited part of the Sun's atmosphere. For our data we also evolved new software technique based on statistical methods that even more increases a sensitivity on any changes in spectra. First results of observations of three X-class solar flares obtained in June 2014 proved significant increase of flux in Balmer continuum. One of these flares was measured from 20 minutes before a peak in SXR (GOES) so we were able to compare a whole impulsive phase with a state with no signs of a flare before it. Data suggest a radiation at Balmer limit (364,5 nm) of up to 5,5 stronger from flaring kernels compared to the quiet Sun. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Families of connected spaces Adam Bartoš Abstract We deal with two completely different kinds of connected spaces - maximal connected spaces and metrizable continua. A topologi- cal space is maximal connected if it is connected, but every strictly finer topology on the same base set is disconnected. Here, the name "Families of connected spaces" refers to the collection of all connected topologies on a given set, which is ordered by inclusion, and maximal connected topologies are its maximal elements. We study the con- struction of tree sums of topological spaces, and how this construc- tion preserves maximal connectedness. We also characterize finitely generated maximal connected spaces as T1 2 -compatible tree sums of copies of the Sierpiński space. On the other hand, we are interested in a general question when for a given class of continua there exists a metrizable compactum whose set of components is equivalent to the given class. (Two classes are equivalent if they contain the same spaces up to homeomorphic copies.) We introduce compactifiable, Polishable, strongly compactifiable, and strongly Polishable classes of compacta, and we investigate their properties. This is related to the descriptive complexity of equivalent realizations of the given class in the hyper- space of all compacta. We prove that...

Práca sa zaoberá mechanikou kontinua. Konkrétne je zameraná na lineárnu elasticitu homogénnych izotropných pevných telies. Pre dve rôzne kontinuá – klasické kontinuum a mikropolárne je odvodená silná aj slabá formulácia. Cosseratovo (mikropolárne) kontinuum predstavuje rozšírenie ku klasickému, kde je uvažovaný ďalší stupeň voľnosti - nezávislá rotácia. Mikropolárne kontinuum definuje ďalšie dve materiálové konštanty, ktoré súvisia s rotáciou. V súčasnosti je metóda konečných prvkov veľmi populárny spôsob približného riešenia rovníc lineárnej elasticity. Pre účely diplomovej práce bol vyvinutý program pre MKP riešenie 2D rovinných úloh. Pre lepšiu predstavu o vplyvu rôznych parametrov na správanie sa oboch kontinuí analyzujeme jednoduchý príklad konzolového nosníka. Riešenia analyzujeme s využitím 4-uzlového štvorhranného elementu, ktorý je jedným z najpoužívanejších pre MKP. V Cosseratovom kontinue by mali byť rotácie previazené skrz parameter vnútornej dĺžky, čo by sa malo odzrkadliť zvýšenou tuhosťou telesa. Úlohou práce je porovnať výsledky z oboch kontinuí a potvrdiť tento predpoklad.

The diploma thesis deals with the literary texts and their adequacy. It researches what features make kids books appropriate for the development of reading in the fifth grade of primary school. The attention is focused on reader's development and demands of literary texts. The action research gives the overview of one group of readers. Their favourite titles are assesed according to their adequacy. Bonnie Campbell Hill's Developmental Continuums are the main component for defining the criteria of the literary text. The selected texts considered according to their adequacy take place in a suggestion for teachers who want to deal with the level of kids books for their pupils. How to plan and then reflect the pupils reading performance with the knowledge of developmental continuums indicates the practical class.

The diploma thesis deals with the effect of breathing and relaxation exercises on the mental health of adolescents in educational institutions as there is a lack of such free time activities. There were 9 participants from the Children's home Žíchovec in the age 1115 years in this research. They took part in a 12-week intervention program called "I breathe therefore I am", that was set according to the specifics of adolescence. The effect of breathing exercises to the human body and mind was monitored by the Biofeedback Shulfried 2000x-pert device, the Profile Of Mood States questionnaire and the "Unfinished Sentences" method. The acquired data were analyzed and statistically validated. The results confirmed positive effect of breathing exercises on reducing the affective states, deepening abdominal breathing and decreasing the pulse frequency. The intervention program was reccomanded as a part of the free time activities of adolescents in educational institutions.

Mandarin Chinese numeral classifiers receive considerable at-tention in linguistic research. The status of the general classifier 个 gè re-mains unresolved. Many linguists suggest that the use of 个 gè as a noun classifier is arbitrary. This view is challenged in the current study. Relying on the CCL-Corpus of Peking University and data from Google, we investigated which nouns for living beings are most likely classified by the general clas-sifier 个 gè. The results suggest that the use of the classifier 个 gè is motivated by an anthropocentric continuum as described by Köpcke and Zubin in the 1990s. We tested Köpcke and Zubin’s approach with Chinese native speakers. We examined 76 animal expressions to explore the semantic interdepen-dence of numeral classifiers and the nouns. Our study shows that nouns with the semantic feature [+ animate] are more likely to be classified by 个 gè if their denotatum is either very close to or very far located from the anthropo-centric center. In contrast animate nouns whose denotata are located at some intermediate distance from the anthropocentric center are less likely to be classified by 个 gè.

Diese Arbeit liefert ein dreidimensionales numerisches Homogenisierungskonzept, welches beim Übergang von der Mikro- zur Makroskala einen Wechsel in der Kontinuumsbeschreibung beinhaltet. Während für die Beschreibung der Makroskala das verallgemeinerte Cosserat-Kontinuum verwendet wird, basiert die Mikroskala auf der klassischen Cauchy-Theorie. Um das homogene Cosserat-Ersatzmaterial im Rahmen numerischer Simulationen nutzen zu können, erfolgt die Implementierung geeigneter Finiter Elemente in das Programmsystem Abaqus und deren Verifikation. Neben der Diskussion der bei der Homogenisierung beobachteten Effekte werden anhand eines idealisierten Modells eines biaxialverstärkten Mehrlagengestrickes die Vorteile gegenüber der klassischen Herangehensweise aufgezeigt. / This contribution provides a threedimensional homogenization approach which includes the switch of the continuum theory during the scale transition. Whereas the microscopic scale is described in the framework of the classical Cauchy theory, the macroscopic scale is based on the generalized Cosserat continuum. In order to use the obtained homogeneous Cosserat material, suitable finite elements are implemented in the commercial program system Abaqus followed by an appropriate verification. Beside the discussion of the arising effects the advantages of this approach compared to the classical procedure are shown by means of an idealized model of a biaxial woven fabric.

Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) represents a major public health problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic. There are as many as 80,000 people have been living with chronic HCV in Czechia since 2015, most of them are/were drug addicts who have been infected by contaminated syringes. Global and national efforts to eliminate HCV are currently underway, focusing primarily on improving the quality of treatment continuity (sustainability, uninterrupted treatment) which involves ensuring the availability of testing for all patients, patients' involvement in their own treatment, sustaining treatment, achieving a response rate and the necessary follow-up care. Objective: To describe the HCV continuum of care in people who inject drugs (mapping testing rate, treatment uptake and treatment completion), and to describe the factors that affect this process. Based on the collected data, to formulate recommendations for addiction care professionals in order to improve HCV continuum of care. Methodology: A questionnaire survey among clients of low-threshold centres in Prague was carried out. The convenient sample consisted of a total of 60 respondents, 20 from each of the three centres. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collection was realised in August 2019. Results: Out of the 60...