Au cours du XIXe siècle, la facture d'orgue française s'épanouit. Des petites manufactures, comme celle des Krischer à Rouen, prospèrent malgré l'influence des plus grandes. Facteur d'orgue le plus réputé, Aristide Cavaillé-Coll construit presque tous les grands instruments français de l'époque. La facture d'orgues fait partie des professions où le savoir se transmet de génération en génération : ce fut le cas des facteurs Isnard ou Cavaillé-Coll. Il en sera même pour la famille Krischer : depuis Henry-Jean Krischer jusqu'à ses arrières petits-enfants, on peut relever au moins sept personnes qui ont pratiqué ce métier. Fils d'une famille originaire de Nideggen, près d'Aix-la-Chapelle, Jean-Hubert Krischer est facteur d'orgue à Paris, père de deux facteurs d'orgues : Marie-Joseph, et Hubert François. Ce dernier a notamment travaillé dans les ateliers parisiens des manufactures Merklin, Cavaillé-Coll et Martin, avant de monter sa propre fabrique en 1873 à Rouen, où ses descendants (Georges, Henry, Ernest et Paul) apprendront le métier. Dans cette thèse, plusieurs points seront abordés pour définir les esthétiques des instruments des Krischer : après avoir présenté toute la famille de ces facteurs d'orgues, nous nous intéresserons à l'épanouissement de cette manufacture d'orgues en France, en étudiant ses activités depuis 1860 jusqu'environ 1934. Nous décrirons aussi les instruments ayant eu des contacts avec ces facteurs, en notant les caractéristiques générales et les aspects typiques des instruments Krischer. Enfin, après la disparition des Krischer, nous poursuivrons l'étude de leurs orgues jusqu'à nos jours, en présentant comment ils survivent ou non dans l'Histoire. / In the XIXth century, the French organ building expanded. Small manufactures, like the Krischer manufacture in Rouen, flourished in spite of the influence of larger manufactures. Regarded as the most renowned organ builder, Aristide Cavaillé-Coll built almost all the French large instruments at that time. The organ building belongs to those trades for which knowledge is transmitted from generation to generation, as it was the case for the Isnard or the Cavaillé-Coll builders. It was the same for the Krischer family: since Henry-Jean Krischer up to his great-grandchildren, we can pick out at least seven people who practised this trade. Jean-Hubert Krischer, who was the son of a family native to Nideggen near Aix-la-Chapelle, was an organ builder in Paris and was the father of two organ builders, Marie-Joseph, and Hubert François. The latter had more particularly worked in the Parisian workshops of the Merklin, Cavaillé-Coll and Martin manufactures, before creating his own manufacture in Rouen in 1873, where his descendants (Georges, Henry, Ernest and Paul) would learn the job. In this thesis, several points will be approached to define the aesthetics of the Krischer instruments: after having introduced the whole family of these organ builders, we will be interested in the expansion of this organ manufacture in France, by studying its activities from 1860 to approximately 1934. We will also describe all the instruments, by noting their characteristics of the Krischer instruments. Finally, after the disappearance of the Krischer manufacture, we will continue the study of the history of their organs until now, by showing how they did survive or not in History.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-17T18:15:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO EVENGELISTA FRANCO DO CARMO - TESE PPGEP 2004..pdf: 13516762 bytes, checksum: 33bf0662ac61f4207b1e60cdd226b66d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-17T18:15:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOÃO EVENGELISTA FRANCO DO CARMO - TESE PPGEP 2004..pdf: 13516762 bytes, checksum: 33bf0662ac61f4207b1e60cdd226b66d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / CNPq / Uma solução numérica da equação de difusão que descreve a transferência de calor e massa no interior de esferóides oblatos incluindo encolhimento, considerando condição de contorno convectiva e propriedades constantes ou variáveis é apresentada. A solução é obtida utilizando-se o método de volumes finitos para discretizar a equação. Vários resultados do teor de umidade médio e temperatura dentro do esferóide são apresentados e analisados. Resultados simulados foram ajustados a dados experimentais de secagem de lentilhas e valores para as propriedades de transporte que caracterizam o processo de secagem são encontrados. Foram feitas anáUses dos efeitos da geometria do corpo, do encolhimento e da secagem em multipasses (têmpera), no fenômeno de difusão de umidade. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes e o modelo matemático apresentado pode ser utilizado para resolver problemas de difusão em sólidos com geometria que varia desde um disco circular até uma esfera, incluindo o esferóide oblato. / A numerical solution of the diffusion equation that describes the heat and mass transfer inside oblate spheroidal solids including shrinkage, considering convective boundary condition and constant or variables properties is presented. The solution is obtained by using the finite volumes method to discretize the diffusion equation. Several results of the moisture content and temperature inside of the spheroid are presented and analyzed. Simulated results were adjusted to the experimental data of drying of lentils and values for the transport properties that characterize the drying process were found. Analysis of the effects of the body shape, shrinkage and multipasses drying (tempering), on the moisture diffusion phenomenon weredone. The obtained results are consistents and the mathematical model presented can be used to solve diffusion in solids with geometry that varies from a circular disk to a sphere, including the oblate spheroidal solids.