Darbe nagrinėta biokuro kūryklų įvairovė, išmetamų teršalų poveikis aplinkai bei žmogui. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas - ištirti biokuro kūryklų (katilo ir krosnies) išmetamų dūmų sudėtį ir teršalų koncentracijas bei įvertinti jų atitikimą normatyviniams dokumentams. Magistriniame darbe apžvelgta biokuro sąvoka, sudėtis ir savybės. Apžvelgta oro ir deguonies kiekio įtaka degimo procesui. Taip pat darbe apžvelgti katilų ir krosnių pagrindiniai elementai bei jų veikimo principai. Nagrinėjama oro taršos problema bei emisijos, deginant biokurą. Darbe pateikiama biokuro degimo tyrimo metodika, veiksniai nuo kurių priklauso biokuro sudegimo pilnumas. Tyrimai atlikti naudojantis dviejų skirtingų namų 2011 m. šildymo sezono duomenimis. Pamatuoti katilo bei krosnies emisijų kiekiai ir palyginta, kuris įrenginys mažiausiai teršia aplinką, remiantis normatyviniais dokumentais. Taip pat matuoti deguonies kiekio dūmuose svyravimai visame degimo procese. Remiantis informacijos šaltiniuose pateiktomis formulėmis apskaičiuotas optimalus oro pertekliaus koeficientas skirtingiems degimo įrenginiams. / This paper analyzes a variety of biofuel furnaces, emissions and the impact on humans. The main aim - to investigate bio flue (boiler and furnace), the composition of the smoke emissions and concentrations of pollutants and to assess their compliance with the normative documents. This thesis covers an overview of the concept of bio-fuels, composition and properties. The theoretical aspects of air and oxygen influence the combustion process. Also look at the boilers and heating elements and their operating principles. The present problem of air pollution and emissions from combustion of biofuels. The paper presents the combustion of biofuels research methodology, the factors which determine the completeness of combustion of biofuels. Investigations were carried out using two different houses in 2011. heating season. Measure the boiler or furnace emissions and compared to plant environmentally friendly, according to legal documents. Also measure the oxygen content of flue variations throughout the combustion process. Based on information provided by sources in the equations estimated optimum excess air ratio for different combustion device.

This paper describes a unique method for the semi-automatic detection of historic charcoal production sites in LiDAR-derived digital elevation models. Intensified iron production in the early 17th century has remarkably influenced ways of how the land in Sweden was managed. Today, the abundance of charcoal kilns embedded in the landscape survives as cultural heritage monuments that testify about the scale forest management for charcoal production has contributed to the uprising iron manufacturing industry. An arbitrary selected study area (54 km2) south west of Gävle city served as an ideal testing ground, which is known to consist of already registered as well as unsurveyed charcoal kiln sites. The proposed approach encompasses combined morphometric classification methods being subjected to analytical image processing, where an image that represents refined terrain morphology was segmented and further followed by Hough Circle transfer function applied in seeking to detect circular shapes that represent charcoal kilns. Sites that have been identified manually and using the proposed method were only verified within an additionally established smaller validation area (6 km2). The resulting outcome accuracy was measured by calculating harmonic mean of precision and recall (F1-Score). Along with indication of previously undiscovered site locations, the proposed method showed relatively high score in recognising already registered sites after post-processing filtering. In spite of required continual fine-tuning, the described method can considerably facilitate mapping and overall management of cultural resources.