Issued in 1957 in microfilm form as thesis, University of Michigan, under title: Descriptive analysis of the Kurdish of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. / Includes "Two texts, given in Kurdish script ... and in a phonemic transcription with ... free translations." Bibliography: p. 119-124.

Issued in 1957 in microfilm form as thesis, University of Michigan, under title: Descriptive analysis of the Kurdish of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. / Includes "Two texts, given in Kurdish script ... and in a phonemic transcription with ... free translations." Bibliography: p. 119-124.

La présente étude vise à analyser la situation de plurilinguisme d’©rumiyeh, a partir d’une perspective d’<< analyse dedomaine >> (domain analysis). Trois minorités ethniques, linguistiques et religieuses vivent dans la ville, à savoir lesTurcs, les Kurdes et les Arméniens, qui s’expriment respectivement en turc, kurde et arménien. La langue nationale dupays, l’1ran, est le persan. Naturellement, la population de la région grandit avec deux ou trois langues.Pour cette étude, 900 questionnaires ont été recueillis dans toute la ville et 681 ont été sélectionnés de manière aléatoire(328 Turcs, 214 Kurdes et 139 Arméniens). Les questionnaires ont été élaborés essentiellement à partir du Modèle deFishman, avec quelques modifications importantes d’ordre culturel et régional. Le but principal de cette analyse était le<< analyse de domaine >> : il s’agissait de savoir que1le(s) langue(s) parmi le persan, le turc, le kurde et/ou l:31'l”1'lé111€I`létait dominante(s) dans les différents domaines sociaux. Les domaines sociaux ont été classés du plus infonnel ou plusformel ; ils comprennent la famille, la religion, les amitiés, le voisinage, les transactions, l’éducation et l‘administrationfl’emploi. Dans une société polyglossique, à chaque situation correspond une << haute >> (H) et une basse (L) << variété >>,et chaque variété a ses propres fonctions spécialisées. Le domaine d’analyse a été mis au point séparément pour chacunedes trois populations.Pour voir l’incidence des trois variables indépendantes choisies e l’âge, le niveau d’étude et le sexe — sur le choix de lalangue, le chercheur a appliqué différentes méthodes statistiques : le test-T et l’analyse de la variance à un facteur et àdeux facteurs (0ne-way cmd tw0—way ANOVA). Il apparaît alors que le sexe ne joue pas sur le choix de la langue maisque les deux autres facteurs connaissent quelques fluctuations dans toute la population.L’étude parvient alla conclusion que, dans la population turque, la langue de la région, le turc, est dominante dans tousles domaines sociaux. Chez les deux autres populations, à savoir les Kurdes et les Arméniens, la langue officielle, lepersan, est. dominante, avec néaimioins un usage plus fréquent dans les situations formelles. / The present study is aimed at analyzing the multilingual situation of Uimia from a domain analysis perspective. Threedifferent ethnic, Tinguistic, and religious minorities, namely Turks, Kurds, and Armenians are living in this city,speaking Turkish, Kurdish, and Armenian, respectively. The national language of the country, Lran, is Persian.Naturally, the people in this area are brought up bilingual or trilingual.To do the study, 900 questionnaires were collected from the whole city. 68l(328 Turks, 214 Kurds, and 139 Armenians)out of this were randomly selected. The questionnaires were basically adopted from Pishman's model with someimportant cultural and regional modifications. The main purpose of the study was domain analysis, i.e., to find outwhich language(s) from among Persian, Turkish, Kurdish and/or Armenian is dominant in different social domains. Thesocial domains which were hierarchically arranged from most informal to most formal ones include family, religion,friendship, neighborhood, transaction, education, and goveriunent/employment. ln each situation in a polyglossicsociety, there is a high (H) and a low (L) variety; and each variety has its own specialized functions. The domainanalysis was separately devised for each of the three different populations.To find out the effect of three independent variables of age, level of education, and sex on language choice, differentstatistical procedures of T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Two-way ANOVA were applied. While sex did not show tohave any effect on language choice, the other two factors had some fluctuations in the whole population.The study came to the_ conclusion that in Turkish population, the language of the region, Turkish, was dominant in allsocial domains. In the other two populations, namely Kurdish and Armenian, the official language, Persian, wasdominant while moving from more informa] to formal situations.

The aim of this thesis is to study some of the challenges that the Kurdish language and its standardization face, and offer a bottom-up solution through the “collective intelligence” and “good faith collaboration” of Wikipedia. Therefore, the fragmentation in the Kurdish language—caused by both external factors and those that are inherent to the language itself— is discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis describes some of the efforts that have been made to unify the Kurdish language, its dialects and its different writing systems. Even though these issues exist both in the physical world as well as online, they are rendered more conspicuous on the Internet. As a result, the problems in Kurdish cross-dialect communication are more pronounced. In spite of that, web 2.0 and its favored platforms for online collaboration provide ample opportunity for the general user of the language to participate in solving such linguistic problems. An overview of Wikipedia, as the world’s most successful platform for online collaboration, is presented along with some of its rules and policies. Additionally, an account of the current Kurdish Wikipedia in three dialects of Kurdish: Kurmanji, Sorani and Zazaki is provided. The situation and shortcomings of Kurdish versions of Wikipedia are examined through two case studies based on two Wikipedia articles in Kurdish and their English and Persian counterparts. Moreover, I argue that a robust Kurdish Wikipedia can be a viable solution for standardizing the language, encouraging orthographic consistency, and unifying Kurdish writing systems and knowledge/information dissemination in Kurdish. / +46762801113