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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effects of Bothrops insularis venom and its isolated fractions on renal and vascular systems / AvaliaÃÃo dos efeitos renais e vasculares do veneno da Bothrops insularis e de fraÃÃes isoladas

Marcus Davis Machado Braga 07 March 2006 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Foram investigados os efeitos do veneno da serpente Bothrops insularis e de suas fraÃÃes, lectina, L-aminoÃcido oxidase, trombina sÃmile e fosfolipase A2, no rim isolado e sistema vascular de rato. As fraÃÃes foram purificadas a partir de uma combinaÃÃo de procedimentos cromatogrÃficos, usando colunas de HPLC de exclusÃo molecular, troca iÃnica, fase reversa e colunas de baixa pressÃo de afinidade. Foi utilizada a perfusÃo de rim isolado de rato e a soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit modificada (Bowman, 1970; Fonteles et al. 1998). ParÃmetros selecionados da funÃÃo renal foram avaliados durante as condiÃÃes experimentais, com a infusÃo do veneno e suas fraÃÃes, aos 60, 90, e 120 minutos. Os primeiros 30 minutos serviram de controle interno. No leito arterial sistÃmico de rato (Ferreira, 1965) a pressÃo arterial foi avaliada por manÃmetro conectado por cÃnula à artÃria carÃtida comum, e o veneno injetado na veia jugular. Os registros foram realizados a cada 10 minutos apÃs a administraÃÃo de doses crescentes do veneno, atà a infusÃo da dose de 300mcg, aos 60 minutos. Na PerfusÃo do leito arterial mesentÃrico isolado de rato (McGregor, 1965), utilizou-se a soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit em fluxo constante de 4mL/minuto. A pressÃo de perfusÃo foi registrada manometricamente. A avaliaÃÃo estatÃstica foi determinada por anÃlise de variÃncia (ANOVA) e teste de Bonferroni, com nÃvel de significÃncia menor de 5%. No rim, o grupo tratado com o veneno apresentou reduÃÃo em todos os parÃmetros avaliados, com exceÃÃo da absorÃÃo de potÃssio. Com a lectina a pressÃo de perfusÃo aumentou inicialmente e caiu em seguida, juntamente com o fluxo urinÃrio e o ritmo de filtraÃÃo glomerular. Houve aumento na reabsorÃÃo de sÃdio e potÃssio, com reduÃÃo no clearance osmÃtico. Com a trombina-sÃmile, ocorreu aumento inicial seguido de queda no final em quase todos os parÃmetros, com exceÃÃo da resistÃncia vascular renal. A reabsorÃÃo tubular do sÃdio e do cloro caiu; houve elevaÃÃo inicial do transporte de potÃssio; com aumento seguido de queda do clearance osmÃtico. Com a L-aminoacido oxidase houve queda em todos os parÃmetros avaliados. Com a fosfolipase A2 houve elevaÃÃo nos parÃmetros fisiolÃgicos e vasculares; no transporte tubular de potÃssio e no clearance osmÃtico; com queda na reabsorÃÃo de sÃdio e cloro. Todos os rins mostraram, no final, sinais de necrose tubular aguda, com exceÃÃo dos perfundidos com a trombina-sÃmile. Excetuando os tratados com veneno, todos os rins apresentaram, ao final, extravasamento protÃico para o espaÃo de Bowman. No leito arterial sistÃmico o veneno produziu reduÃÃo na pressÃo arterial sistÃmica diretamente proporcional à quantidade de veneno administrada, excetuando a dose de 10mcg, alÃm de intensa hemorragia pulmonar com proliferaÃÃo de neutrÃfilos e linfÃcitos nos alvÃolos, hemorragia no rim e congestÃo generalizada. No leito arterial mesentÃrico se observou uma reduÃÃo na presÃo quando o veneno foi administrado em leito arterial prÃ-contraÃdo com fenilefrina, como tambÃm isoladamente, na ausÃncia de fenilefrina. O veneno da Bothrops insularis mostrou potencial hemorrÃgico e vasodilatador semelhante aos outros venenos de serpentes do gÃnero, com atividade necrotizante superior nos rins, onde provocou necrose tubular aguda, ao contrario do observado com outros venenos do mesmo gÃnero, em experimentos no rim isolado de rato. / We investigated the biochemical and biological effects of the whole venom from Bothrops insularis (popularly known as âgolden lancetâ), and four of its fractions, a thrombin-like enzyme, a lectin-like substance, an L-amino acid oxidase and a phospholipase A2, in perfused rat kidneys and vascular sistem. The fractions were purified by a combination of Sephadex gel filtration in HPLC columns, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex in reverse phase, low-pressure affinity columns. We used a modified isolated perfused rat kidney assay, with Krebs-Henseleit solution as the perfusion fluid (Bowman, 1970; Fonteles et al., 1998). Selected parameters of renal function during stable experimental conditions were evaluated before and at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after infusion of venom and its fractions, with the first 30 minutes interval constituting the paired control. In the systemic vascular bed (Ferreira, 1965), the arterial pressure was evaluated by a manometer connected through a canule to carotid common artery and the venom was injected into the jugular vein, with registers made at every 10 minutes after administration in increasing doses, until an infusion of 300mcg was reached at 60 minutes. In the isolated rat mesenteric blood vessels method (McGregor, 1965), the perfusions were done with Krebs-Henseleit solution, at a constant flow rate of 4mL/minute. The perfusion pressure was measured manometrically. Statistical evaluations were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test, at the 5% significance level. In perfused kidney studies, the group treated with the whole venom showed a fall in all physiological parameters, except in potassium transport. With the lectin-like fraction, the perfusion pressure rose initially, followed by a fall, along with urinary flow and glomerular filtration rate. Sodium and potassium tubular reabsorption increased, with a fall in the osmotic clearance. The thrombin-like fraction promoted an initial rise followed by a fall in the end, in almost all parameters except in the renal vascular resistance. The sodium and chloride tubular reabsorption fell. There was an initial rise in the potassium transport, and an initial rise followed by a fall in the osmotic clearance. With the L-amino acid oxidase fraction, there was a fall in all the parameters studied. The Phospholipase A2 fraction induced a rise in the physiological and vascular parameters, as also in the potassium transport and osmotic clearance; accompanied by a fall in sodium and chloride reabsorption. With the exception of the thrombin-like fraction, all the substances tested induced acute tubular necrosis in perfused kidneys in the end. Protein extravasation into the Bowman space was evidenced in all perfused kidneys except in those treated with the whole venom; but was more intense with the thrombin-like fraction. In the systemic arterial bed, the whole venom raised arterial pressure in a dose-dependant manner, except at the concentration of 10mcg; in addition to causing intense pulmonary hemorrhage with neutrophils and alveolar lymphocyte proliferation, renal hemorrhage, and generalized vascular dilatation and congestion. In the isolated mesenteric artery, there was a marked fall in perfusion pressure when the whole venom was infused into the vessel pre-contracted with phenillephrine, as also in the isolated vessel without phenillephrine. We conclude that Bothrops insularis venom shows vasodilatation and hemorrhagic potential, like other venoms of the genus; but, different from other Bothrops venoms, it also reveals a significant necrotic activity when perfused into isolated rat kidney, causing acute tubular necrosis,

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