The effect of treatment with 3% aqueous ammonia and 5.3% urea plus jackbean meal on the nutritive value of wheat straw was investigated. The moisture content of the straw was raised to 40% by addition of water. Crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility were highest for the bottom layers, which had the highest moisture. The mean temperature during the first 4 wk post treatment was 11.2 C. Four diets were fed to sheep: untreated straw 1) alone or 2) with 20 g/d urea at feeding time 3) ammonia-treated straw, and 4) urea-treated straw. All diets contained 80 g of liquid molasses, 10 g of NaCl and 6 g of Na 2 S04, and were calculated to be isonitrogenous except the control diet (untreated straw without urea supplementation). Straw was chopped prior to feeding. Crude protein content in wheat straw was tripled by ammonia and urea treatment. Dry matter digestibility in vivo and in vitro was enhanced by ammonia and urea treatment, and the effect was higher for ammonia treatment. Digestibilities of cell wall constituents were higher (P<.05) for ammonia treated straw, compared to urea-treated straw. Urinary N excretion was considerably lower (P<.01) and N retention was higher (P<.01) for lambs fed treated straws, compared to those fed urea at feeding time. Ruminal NH3-N and blood urea concentrations were higher (P<.01) for the lambs fed urea at feeding time, compared to lambs fed the others diets. / M.S.