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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Stereoelectronic effects in brominations of cyclopropylarenes and 9-alkylanthracenes

Hakim, Mas Rosemal January 1989 (has links)
The free radical bromination of several cyclopropylarenes has been studied. The abstraction of a cyclopropyl hydrogen by bromine atom, which to date has been an unrecognized process, is demonstrated in this study. Specifically, when a cyclopropyl group is attached to the 9-position of an anthracene, an unprecedented hydrogen abstraction product, the corresponding cyclopropyl bromide, is obtained. This is believed to be due to stereoelectronic effects. Molecular mechanics calculations and X-ray crystallography have been used to demonstrate that 9-cycIopropylanthracene, unlike other cyclopropylarenes, is effectively locked in a conformation which places the a-cyclopropyl C-H bond in alignment with the p-orbitals of the aromatic system. This proper alignment activates the a-cyclopropyl hydrogen for abstraction by bromine atom. The relative reactivities of several 9-alkylanthracenes towards bromine atom are established, namely: 9-methyI- > 9-cyclopropyI- > 9-ethyl- >> 9-isopropylanthracene. Semi-empirical molecular orbital theory and molecular mechanics calculations have been utilized to demonstrate that the relative reactivities are not a function of bond dissociation energies but rather a function of the size of the dihedral angle between the a C-H bonds and the plane of the central ring of the various 9-alkylanthracenes in their lowest energy conformations. The absolute rate constants for the abstraction of hydrogen by bromine atom from 9-methyl-, 9-cyclopropyl-, and 9·ethylanthracene are estimated to be 1.1 x 10⁸ M⁻¹ sec⁻¹, 3.8 x 10⁷ M⁻¹ sec⁻¹ and 7.2 x 10⁶ M⁻¹ sec⁻¹ respectively. The value for the primary hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect for the abstraction of hydrogen by bromine atom from 9-cyclopropylanthracene is determined to be 2.6. All of the above observations lend support to the importance of stereoelectronic effects in the free radical bromination of the cyclopropylarenes and 9-alkylanthracenes. / Ph. D.

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