After 1978, China caught up the trend of globalization, the internet was also raised in China. China started to develop the internet in end of 1980. Until 1994, the internet was developed rapidly. With the development of the internet, the relationship between state and society in China had the different situation, which made the influence with Chinese political development. There had been some situations which couldn¡¦t be reported, it can be happened in the public sphere. Since then, the Chinese government noticed the power of the internet, and started to develop and interact, that can help the Chinese government to realize the comment from people. And the internet also helps people to convey their voice to everywhere. Therefore the development of internet helps improvements of civil society and democracy in China as well. This caused a threat to the Chinese government; the Chinese government used various skills to control the internet. When Google entered in China, it also has to follow the rules in China. It had had to delete and filter the searching results; this made Google to decide to leave Chinese market, and also made the international world to concern the internet control in China. This research used Google as a case study to discuss the internet control and the influence of public opinions on internet in China. This research also used the state-society as the theory to observe the transformer of society-society relationship in China.

William Faulkner undoubtedly ranks one of the best and most influential writers both in America and in history. Among his various works of art, the most famous ones are those set in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County, which is molded out of his ¡§native soil.¡¨ Despite their Southern setting, these works convey something universally true. As Faulkner often claims, he is just a story-teller, telling about man in conflict, about how he ¡§endures and prevails.¡¨ Before he received due recognition, Faulkner wrote quite a few short stories which he expected would help him improve his economic condition, so that he could write novels at ease. Nevertheless, although he was motivated by economic interests, many of these short stories turned out very prominent. In my thesis, I translate and discuss three of his outstanding short stories--¡§Dry September,¡¨ ¡§Red Leaves,¡¨ and ¡§An Odor of Verbena.¡¨ By so doing, I hope I can introduce Faulkner¡¦s world to his Taiwan readers, who might too easily reject his major novels for their complexity and long-winding sentences, but would be glad to savor the more accessible short stories. The introductory part is divided into three chapters, beginning with a brief account of the author¡¦s life and fiction. In the second chapter I discuss mainly the theme of ¡§conflict¡¨ and the stylistic features in these three stories. Then, in the last chapter, giving some instances from my own translations and those by three translators in Mainland China, I try to demonstrate why translation is a demanding task.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 452-460). Also available in PDF format via the Internet.

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Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η προσέγγιση του ρόλου ή των ρόλων των ανθοκυανινών στα φύλλα. Σε πολλά φυτικά είδη παρατηρείται το φαινόμενο του παροδικού ερυθρού χρωματισμού των φύλλων. Υπεύθυνες για την ερυθρότητα αυτή είναι οι ανθοκυανίνες που συντίθενται στα φύλλα αυτά. Προκειμένου να ανακαλύψουμε το ρόλο των ανθοκυανινών πραγματοποιήσαμε συγκρίσεις διαφόρων παραμέτρων ανάμεσα σε πράσινα (χωρίς ανθοκυανίνες) και κόκκινα (με ανθοκυανίνες) φύλλα. Στο πρώτο πείραμα που έγινε σε εργαστηριακές συνθήκες, μετρήθηκε η επίδραση ενός οξειδωτικού παράγοντα, του μεθυλ-βιολογόνου, στη φωτοχημική απόδοση πράσινων και κόκκινων φύλλων τεσσάρων ειδών (Cistus creticus, Photinia  fraseri, Rosa sp. Ricinus communis). Τα δύο πρώτα είδη διαθέτουν τις ανθοκυανίνες στα φωτοσυνθετικά κύτταρα του μεσόφυλλου, ενώ τα δύο άλλα στα μη φωτοσυνθετικά κύτταρα της επιδερμίδας. Στο δεύτερο πείραμα που έγινε σε συνθήκες πεδίου, μετρήθηκε εποχιακά η φωτοχημική απόδοση πράσινων και κόκκινων φύλλων του C. creticus. Τέλος, στο τρίτο πείραμα που επίσης πραγματοποιήθηκε στο εργαστήριο, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση του κόκκινου φωτισμού στη σύνθεση ανθοκυανινών σε φύλλα από το είδος Coleus blumei. Το μεθυλ-βιολογόνο επηρεάζει αρνητικά τόσο τα κόκκινα όσο και τα πράσινα φύλλα. Βρέθηκε όμως ότι τα φύλλα με τις ανθοκυανίνες στο μεσόφυλλο είναι πιο ανθεκτικά απέναντι στην οξειδωτική καταπόνηση σε σχέση με τα φύλλα με τις ανθοκυανίνες στην επιδερμίδα, γεγονός που ενισχύει την άποψη σχετικά με τον αντιοξειδωτικό ρόλο των ανθοκυανινών, μια και οι οξειδωτικές ρίζες σχηματίζονται περισσότερο στα κύτταρα του μεσόφυλλου. Το πείραμα του πεδίου, έδειξε πως τα άτομα C. creticus που συνθέτουν ανθοκυανίνες στα φύλλα τους διαθέτουν μια εγγενή κατωτερότητα της φωτοσυνθετικής τους δραστηριότητας, που όμως αντισταθμίζεται μόλις ξεκινήσει η σύνθεση των ανθοκυανινών. Αυτό το εύρημα παραπέμπει σε φωτοπροστατευτικό ρόλο των ανθοκυανινών. Τέλος, ο κόκκινος φωτισμός που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την ανάπτυξη φύλλων του C. blumei δεν έδειξε σαφή αποτελέσματα σε σχέση με το ρόλο των ανθοκυανινών. / The aim of this work is finding out the possible role or roles of anthocyanins in leaves. In many plant species leaves temporarily turn red. Anthocyanins produced in these leaves are responsible for this redness. In order to discover the role of anthocyanins we compared some parameters between green (without anthocyanins) and red (containing antocyanins) leaves. In the first experiment, carried out in the laboratory, we measured the effect of methyl-viologen, an oxidative factor, in the photochemical efficiency of green and red leaves of four species (Cistus creticus, Photinia  fraseri, Rosa sp. Ricinus communis). The first two of these species contain anthocyanins in the photosynthetic mesophyll cells. The other two contain anthocyanins in the non photosynthetic epidermal cells. In a second experiment, carried out in the field, we measured the photochemical efficiency of green and red leaves of C. creticus during the period of a year. Finally, in a third experiment, also carried out in the laboratory, we studied the effect of red light in anthocyanin synthesis of Coleus blumei leaves. Methyl-viologen affects both red and green leaves. However, leaves with anthocyanins in the mesophyll cells show less damage than leaves with anthocyanins in the epidermis. This fact is compatible with an antioxidant role of those pigments, since the oxidative species are mostly produced in the mesophyll cells. The field experiment showed that the individuals which temporarily produce anthocyanins have a photosynthetic “inferiority” compared with individuals that don’t produce these red pigments. This inferiority is compensated once the anthocyanin synthesis begins. This result points out the photoprotective role of anthocyanins. The results of the last experiment are rather confusing about the effect of red light in anthocyanin synthesis.

I have isolated and characterized a recessive mutation in the Forked (FKD) gene that results in the abnormal initiation of vascular bundles in the foliar organs, such that the apices of the vascular bundles initiate freely. Once initiated, the development of Fkd vascular bundles is like wild type, generating an open vascular pattern of similar complexity to the closed venation pattern of wild type. Despite the significant alteration in the vascular pattern, Fkd plants are morphologically indistinct from wild type. fkd mutants do not show altered sensitivity to the effects of auxin and show additive phenotypes with auxin response mutants, suggesting the FKD is part of a pathway acting independently of auxin. The similarity of the open vascular pattern of Fkd plants to that of ancestral vascular plants suggests that acquisition of this pathway may have been critical in the evolution of the closed vascular pattern. / x, 55 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

The development of leaf vascular patterns is a highly regulated process. The plant hormone auxin is critical for vascular patterning: auxin canalization is proposed to cause files of cells to accumulate higher auxin levels and develop into veins. Thus, the response of cells to auxin and transport of auxin are critical to establish proper cell fate. We have characterized a mutation in the Arabidopsis thaliana gene name AUTOBAHN (ABN). abn leaves produce leaves that proliferate disorganized, overlapping veins parallel to the midvein with no differentiation of higher order veins. abn leaves show no normal aspects of the secondary auxin response though double mutant analysis suggest that ABN functions independently of previously characterized auxin response pathways. Wild type plants grown on an influx inhibitor phenocopy abn suggesting that abn is defective in carrier-mediated auxin influx. / x, 69 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

The Fourier-Mellin transform was implemented on a digital computer and applied towards the recognition and differentiation of images of plant leaves regardless of translation, rotation or scale. Translated, rotated and scaled leaf images from seven species of plants were compared: avocado ( Persea americana), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lamb's-quarter (Chenopodium album), linden (Tilla americana), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), plantain (Plantago major) and sumac leaflets (Rhus typhina ). The rate of recognition was high among translated and rotated leaf images for all plant species. The rates of recognition and differentiation were poor, however, among scaled leaf images and between leaves of different species. Improvements to increase the effectiveness of the algorithm are suggested.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1987. / Typescript. Copies of two papers co-authored by the author, in back cover pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-143).