This is Module 2 of the ICT for Library and Information Professionals (ICTLIP) Training Package for Developing Countries. This Package is intended to provide knowledge and skills dealing with the application of ICT to library and information services. It is meant for library and information personnel who may become trainers in the area. The Package has been developed by the UNESCO Asia & Pacific Regional Office with funding from the Japanese Fund in Trust for Communication and Information. It contains six modules: Module 1 - Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies Module 2 - Introduction to Integrated Library Systems Module 3 - Information Seeking in an Electronic Environment Module 4 - Database Design, and Information Storage and Retrieval Module 5 - The Internet as an Information Resource Module 6: Web page concept and design: getting a web site up and running.

A descriptive analysis of the histories of the Institute of Professional Librarians of Ontario (1960â 1976) reveals not only the circumstances surrounding the creation, growth, and decline of this singular expression of the professionalization of librarianship but also foregrounds the ways in which the historical narration of the profession must look beyond the traditional delineation of intrinsic traits in order to circumscribe librarianship more adequately. To that end, consideration is given to one important factor, the Royal Commission Inquiry into Civil Rights (1964-71). It is evident that historical recovery of this sort is crucial to the profession's self-understanding as it negotiates its contemporary stance with respect to both librarians and the publics that they serve.

<p>This thesis presents an oral history of the Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival (AICLS) and its Breath of Life Workshop. Held every other year since 1996, the workshop is designed to meet the language revitalization needs of California Indian people whose languages have no living fluent speakers. Breath of Life Workshop organizers arrange visits to four archives on the University of California, Berkeley, campus and connect participants with linguistic mentors to read and interpret archival documents in their language for the purpose of bringing their language back into use. </p><p> Through interviews with AICLS founders, Breath of Life Workshop participants, and University of California, Berkeley, linguists and archivists, this study uncovers the role archivists play in the Breath of Life Workshops and in the care of Native language collections more generally. Topics addressed include the selection and use of archival documents in the program and the changes to archival practice and policies that have resulted from archivists&rsquo; work with Breath of Life participants. The thesis also examines issues involved in the collection, arrangement, description, preservation, and access to the documentation of California Indian languages. The study concludes with recommendations for future language revitalization programs. </p>

Inspection and testing have become important elements in business and industry. Although there are about one hundred independent inspection and testing companies in Canada with a volume of business estimated a twenty-five million, it was discovered in a survey conducted in 1962 by the writer (Librarian of The Warnock Hersey Company Ltd., in Montreal) that most of these organizations have a small collection of books but few have well organized libraries. [...]

<p> Since their origin in 1925, standards for elementary school library programs have outlined role expectations for the school librarian. As the passage of time introduced new technologies into the world of education, these standards were reviewed and revised. After each revision, the standards, which were later referred to as guidelines, reflected an updated view on the school librarian's position with additional responsibilities listed in the form of roles. Researchers have explored perceptions of educator groups regarding these roles, to determine if they were accepted by the members of the school community (Church, 2008; Dorrell &amp; Lawson, 1995; Gustafson, 1982; Kaplan, 2006; McCracken, 2001; Mohajerin &amp; Smith, 1981; Person, 1993; Roach, 1989; Schon, Helmstadter, &amp; Robinson, 1991; Scott, 1986; Shannon, 1996; Shelton, 2002). Repeatedly, findings indicated disagreement among the educator groups and an overall lack of support of these roles from teachers, administrators, and even school librarians themselves, in some cases. If a lack of support for the fulfillment of these roles exists, the school library program cannot develop to its full potential. Consequently, the school librarian cannot fully contribute to student achievement, and a valuable resource is wasted. This study explored perceptions held by educators at the elementary level on the roles of the school librarian, in light of the latest revision to the guidelines (American Association of School Librarians, 2009) which added the role of leader to the list of expectations for school librarians, to determine if a lack of support for the fulfillment of these roles persists.</p>

<p> Saint Anne's Middle School is a Catholic, bilingual, bicultural, middle school for girls that participates in the Milwaukee Parental School Choice Program. This case study explored reading and language arts as experienced in the school through the lens of a school library media specialist. The students&rsquo; social, emotional, and intellectual needs appeared to be met at the school for the most part. The school also exhibited best practices for teaching reading at the middle school level to bilingual students. However, to improve reading, the school would want to consider changing the school&rsquo;s focus from reading comprehension to reading engagement so that students become lifelong readers. In addition, as schools begin to roll out the new educational framework known as the Common Core, which will change how librarians and teachers present reading, and standardized tests assess reading, it is essential that more time be dedicated to exploring point-of-view in informational texts. Finally, because the students tend to score lower on vocabulary than comprehension in reading assessments, increasing the use of free-reading books to introduce vocabulary may provide further opportunities for students to improve on standardized test scores while teaching a valuable lifelong skill. In sum, even a strong school can improve on reading and language arts instruction, and this project shows ways that teachers and librarians can change their thinking to be ready to implement Common Core and still achieve reading engagement.</p>

<p> The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore senior librarians&rsquo; perceptions of successful leadership skills in the 21st century. Library organizations in the postindustrial environment of the 21st century operate in a new context involving digitization, global libraries, cultural diversity, cultural intelligence, and cross-cultural management. This new context requires a postindustrial paradigm of leadership emphasizing influence and collaboration as defined by Rost (1991). The purposive sample used for this case study consisted of 10 senior library leaders. The data gathered consisted of demographic information and responses to six open-ended interview questions. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed for themes and patterns using NVivo 10 software. The analysis revealed significant emergent themes relating to successful library leadership skills. Results from this case study suggest successful library leadership skills in the 21st century involve two levels: foundational level and interpersonal level. At the foundational level are technical and knowledge skills, which are the building blocks for the next level of interpersonal skills. Interweaving these interpersonal skills are persuasion skills and collaborative skills, both at the core of the postindustrial paradigm of leadership. These two levels of skills, with an emphasis on persuasion skills, should form the basis of succession planning programs for next generation librarians. Implementing such programs could lead to increased leadership diversity, greater job satisfaction, improved job performance and effectiveness, helping the retention of librarians, and easing staff shortage. Further studies are recommended.</p>

<p>The worked-example effect, an application of cognitive load theory, is a well-supported method of instruction for well-structured problems (Chandler and Sweller, 1991; Cooper and Sweller, 1987; Sweller and Cooper, 1985; Tuovinen &amp; Sweller, 1999; Ward and Sweller, 1990). One limitation is expertise-reversal effect, where advanced students perform less well when exposed to worked examples than when exposed to traditional problem solving (Kalyuga, Ayres, Chandler, &amp; Sweller, 2003; Kalyuga, Chandler, &amp; Sweller, 1998; Kalyuga, Chandler, Tuovinen, &amp; Sweller, 2001). A possible alternative to the worked-example approach is the fading example, designed to transition intermediate students to solving well-structured problems without assistance (Renkl, Atkinson &amp; Grobe, 2004). This study showed that studying worked examples was more effect than solving problems or completing fading examples when learning to form search queries for library databases, an ill-structured problem-solving environment. In addition, participants within the worked-example group with low, intermediate and high levels of domain-specific knowledge achieved parity. Within the traditional problem-solving group, those with low domain-specific knowledge performed less well than those with high domain-specific knowledge. </p><p> Keywords: cognitive load theory, worked-example effect, fading examples, expertise-reversal effect, information literacy. </p>

On-line catalogs are replacing card catalogs in libraries. This paper reviews research covering the catalog's human-machine interface with emphasis on the difficulties of subject searching. Study 1 replicates previous findings that subject searching, though most often used, is the most problematic type of searching. In Study 2, the organization of the Library of Congress Subject Headings is compared with the knowledge structures of subject experts, subject novices, and librarians. Experts and novices in cognitive psychology differ from each other and from the subject heading structure, but librarians fall in between the two groups. The structures derived are used in Study 3 to predict the success of searching done by subject area novices and experts as well as by librarians. Experts in cognitive psychology find target books more easily than novices, but differences between librarians, subject experts, and subject novices are due to system experience, not subject expertise.

<p> Within the world of library collection and preservation, the focus has historically been on the dual preservation of physical form and intellectual knowledge as represented through symbols (text), images, metadata, and organization of information. Certainly, the philosophy of the library to "enhance learning and ensure access to information for all" (ALA 2008) is paramount in directing resources and collection development in response to the needs of the user community. However, research and educational material may be found beyond the explicit materiality of books and the text they contain; understanding and recognizing spiritual and cultural properties implicitly located within certain library materials may provide additional fields of research, as well as learning and collaboration opportunities. Using adjunct literature within the field of museum studies and ethnography, this paper proposes to discuss how simultaneous recognition of intangible and tangible properties of certain objects is relevant to the library. The special collections library is perhaps the best place where such considerations can be made - it is a library dedicated to preserving not only copies of each work, but variant copies whose tangible and intangible properties may vary from one another - though some examples may apply to academic or public libraries as well. The scope of this undertaking will include a discussion of the adjunct and related literature from the museum world, identification of books, or types of books that have spiritual or cultural values to be considered, collection of cultural or religious viewpoints related to identified materials from members of one of those communities that create or use these items (Buddhist), and discussion of how such findings can inform the ongoing operations of special collections libraries and their mission as cultural memory institutions.</p>