Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

LD2668 .T4 1947 M35 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 R44 / Master of Science

This thesis has addressed several gaps in the knowledge with regards to the calcium looping cycle for carbon dioxide capture, including identification of engineering challenges associated with the scale-up of the technology to pilot scale and beyond; assessment of changes in sorbent morphology during the pilot scale capture process; and partitioning of elemental impurities in the limestone between the solid and gaseous phase during the carbon dioxide capture process. Hydrodynamic investigations identified the optimum superficial velocities required for the reactor in order to optimise solids entrainment and flux, and to minimise gas bypassing. Estimations made in determining how particle attrition would affect minimum fluidisation velocity confirmed a decrease of approximately 0.09m/s for every 5 % reduction in particle size. Amendments made to the exhaust diameter and position, and the loop seals, improved the pressure balance of the system thus enhancing solids transfer. Reactor and process modifications, including modification of carbonator temperature, and maintenance of temperature above 420°C in standpipes resulted in improved carbon dioxide capture %. Increasing bed inventory had a positive effect of carbon dioxide capture % due to an increased Ca looping ratio. Steam addition also benefitted the carbonation process, due to improved sorbent morphology and therefore carbon dioxide diffusion into the sorbent. Sulfur dioxide was considered to have a detrimental effect on carbon dioxide capture due to pore pluggage, although burner- derived steam had a positive effect in maintaining capture %. Gaseous elemental emissions from the process were low for all elements, but concentrations of elements in the solid sorbent phase were influenced by bed inventory, implying that filtering systems may be required in industry for the large masses of sorbent required. Concentrations of elements in the sorbent were identified to be below levels typical of cement, with the exception of Ni, implying that there is potential for spent sorbent to be used in the cement industry with adequate mitigation measures in place.

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Widdybank Fell is located in the Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve in the Northern Pennines. It is internationally renowned for its unique late-glacial relict assemblage of plant species, particularly those on the "sugar limestone” outcrops. Cow Green Reservoir was constructed in the early 1970s and flooded the lower western slopes of Widdybank Fell. At the time there was concern amongst ecologists that the reservoir might alter the local climate and have adverse effects on the remaining vegetation. A comprehensive vegetation survey of Widdybank Fell was carried out by Jones (1973). Aspects of this survey were repeated as part of the present study. There have been significant changes in the composition of some of the plant communities since the 1970s. These changes include a considerable loss of bryophyte diversity and lichen abundance. Overall there has been a decline in "stress tolerant" species, and a loss of calcicole species on the calcareous grasslands. Few of the nationally rare plant species have changed in abundance. Using data from the meteorological stations at Widdybank Fell and from nearby Moor House, it has been demonstrated that the presence of Cow Green Reservoir has resulted in significant changes in the local climate. These changes are consistent with those expected by a classic "lake effect" and include the all year round moderation of minima (e.g. resulting in a reduction in the number of ground frosts). The reservoir has also produced cooler mean air temperatures in spring and warmer mean temperatures in autumn. Despite the observed local climate impact of Cow Green Reservoir it seems most likely that other factors have been responsible for the observed vegetation changes. Acid deposition has probably caused the loss of calcicoles on the calcareous grasslands, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition could explain the loss of bryophyte diversity and lichen abundance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_mr_me_botfca.pdf: 546021 bytes, checksum: 1df85938f2da4bb6ca608c577dda0d19 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O mercado brasileiro de grama cultivada tem expandido em decorrência a maior demanda em áreas paisagísticas e esportivas. Para maximizar a produção de grama, de maneira econômica, os tapetes devem ser produzidos com qualidade e em um tempo reduzido, sendo assim, a preparação do solo tem grande influência na produtividade dos gramados. Diante disso, tem se estudado diferentes corretivos da acidez do solo, e o mais novo é um subproduto da fabricação do aço, conhecido como escória de aciaria. Uma das vantagens de sua utilização é a possibilidade da correção do solo em maior profundidade, visto que a solubilidade de seu principal componente, o silicato de cálcio, é 6.78 vezes maior que a do carbonato de cálcio, o componente fundamental do calcário, que ainda hoje é o corretivo mais utilizado. Além disso, a grama é uma planta acumuladora de silício, e, portanto, poderá responder com maior facilidade ao silicato de cálcio. Desta forma, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de escória de aciaria, comparado ao calcário, na implantação de um sistema de produção de grama bermuda. O experimento foi instalado no município de Botucatu, em uma área experimental da Unesp - fazenda Lageado, cujo solo é classificado como latossolo vermelho distrófico com textura média. O delineamento experimental foi realizado em blocos ao acaso de quatro repetições e com subparcelas de quatro doses de escória, quatro doses de calcário e uma testemunha, elevando a saturação de base do solo a 30%, 50%, 70% e 90%, e foram avaliadas diversas características do solo e da planta, e os dois corretivos aplicados ao solo na influência da produção da grama bermuda. Com a análise dos resultados, observou-se uma modificação no solo, quando aplicado os corretivos, tendo uma elevação nos teores de P e Ca para à escória de aciaria, e nos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico aba / The Brazilian market of cultivated grass has expanded due to increased demand in scenic and sports areas. To maximize the production of grass, cost-effectively, the rugs should be produced with quality and in a shorter timeframe, so the soil preparation has great influence on the productivity of grasslands. Whereupon, has studied various correctives of the acidity of the soil, and the youngest is a by-product from the manufacture of steel, known as steelmaking slag. One of the advantages of their use is the possibility of correction of soil in greater depth, since the solubility of its main component, calcium silicate, is 6.78 times greater than that of calcium carbonate, the basic component of limestone, which is still the most widely used concealer. In addition, the grass is a Silicon-accumulating plant, and therefore be able to respond more easily to calcium silicate. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of steelmaking slag, compared to limestone, in deploying a production system of bermuda grass. The experiment was installed in the city of Botucatu, in an experimental area of Unesp-farm Lageado, whose soil is classified as red latosol textured red latosol. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with four repetitions and subplots of four doses of slag, four doses of lime and a witness, raising the soil base saturation at 30, 50, 70 and 90, and were assessed several characteristics of soil and plant, and the two soil applied correctives in influences the production of bermuda grass. With the analysis of the results, it was observed a change in the soil when applied the correction, with an elevation in the levels of P and Ca for the steelmaking slag, and in Mg for limestone, and there is no difference for the other nutrients. The availability of micro-nutrients have increased with the use of correctives, having... (Complete abstract click electronic access

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sandim_as_me_botfca.pdf: 599328 bytes, checksum: f35bb781317d272828a25845f530bd46 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Partindo do princípio que a aplicação do silicato pode resultar em aumento na disponibilidade de fósforo no solo para as culturas, objetivou-se estudar a influência da silicatagem, em comparação à calagem, na dessorção de fósforo em solos com fósforo previamente adsorvido, avaliada por dois extratores e pelo crescimento da planta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 5 , constituídos por três solos, três doses de fósforo e quatro corretivos de acidez, além de um tratamento sem correção da acidez, totalizando 180 parcelas experimentais. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 20 L. Os solos foram submetidos a três doses de P, (0, 50 e 150 mg dm-3), tendo como fonte superfosfato triplo em pó e mantidos incubados por 90 dias. Após o período de incubação foram realizadas amostragens, para análise química de rotina e determinações dos teores de P através dos métodos resina, Mehlich 1 e P remanescente. Com base nesses resultados foi realizada a aplicação dos corretivos de acidez calculando-se as doses visando a elevar a 70% o valor de saturação por bases. Os corretivos de acidez utilizados foram: calcário dolomítico, escória de aciaria, escória de aciaria forno de panela, e wollastonita. Após a aplicação dos corretivos, os solos permaneceram incubados por mais 60 dias e novas determinações dos níveis de P foram realizadas. A cultura utilizada foi o milho. Nos solos foram realizadas determinações químicas de P, demais nutrientes e Si. Na planta foram realizadas avaliações de produção de massa seca, acúmulo de nutrientes e de Si e determinação do índice de clorofila. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a... / Assuming that the application of silicate can result in increased availability of phosphorus in the soil for crops, aimed to study the influence of silicatagem compared to lime, the desorption of previously adsorbed soil phosphorus as assessed by two extractors and the plant growth. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in a factorial 5 x 3 x 3, consisting of three solos, three and four doses of phosphorus lime acidity, and a treatment without liming, totaling 180 plots . The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in pots of 20 L. The soils were subjected to three levels of P, (0, 50 and 150 mg dm-3), and triple superphosphate as source powder and kept incubated for 90 days. After the incubation period was sampled for routine chemical analysis and determination of the levels of P by the methods resin, the remaining P and Mehlich 1. Based on these results was performed liming acidity calculating the doses in order to raise the value of 70% saturation. The different lime sources used were limestone, steel slag, steel slag pot furnace, and wollastonite. After liming, the soils were incubated for another 60 days and further determinations of P levels were made. The culture was maize. The soils were subjected to chemical P, Si and other nutrients in the plant were evaluated for dry matter production, nutrient accumulation and determination of Si and chlorophyll content. The data were submitted to ANOVA and treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The slag increased the levels of phosphorus in the soil, when compared to the limestone, suggesting positive interaction between Si and P in the soil. The Mehlich 1 and resin were highly correlated with P extracted and phosphorus uptake by plants, regardless of the soil. For all parameters analyzed in the plant, there was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)