by Chiang Chi Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-141). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iii / List of Tables and Figures --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Literature Review / Research Scope and Problems / Methodology and Sources / Notes / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Development of Rural Enterprises in Zhongshan --- p.13 / An introduction to Zhongshan City / Stages of Development of Rural Enterprises / Ownerships of Rural Enterprises / Development Pattern of Rural Enterprises / Objectives of Local Governments / Notes / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Policies of Local Governments on Rural Collective Enterprises --- p.51 / License / Finance / Founding Capital / Credit and Loan / Taxation / Resource Allocation / Raw Material / Land / Employee / Marketing / Summary / Notes --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Policies of Local governments on Rural Private Enterprises / License / Finance / Founding Capital / Credit and Loan / Tax and Levy / Resource Allocation / Raw Material / Land / Employee / Marketing / Summary / Notes / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.113 / Notes / Appendix --- p.124 / Chapter 1. --- List of Interviewees / Chapter 2. --- The Development of Rural Enterprises in Zhongshan in Mao-Era / Chapter 3. --- Map 1 - The Economic Open Zone in the Pearl River Delta / Chapter 4. --- Map 2 - Zhongshan City / Bibliography --- p.129

by Chow Wing Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [1-22] (2nd gp.)). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / PREFACE --- p.1-6 / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7-42 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.43-65 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS FOR STATE-SOCIETY RELATIONS --- p.66-79 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- POLITICS OF PEASANTS' MOBILIZATION --- p.80-113 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.114-125 / SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY / Chapter - --- ENGLISH TITLES / Chapter - --- CHINESE TITLES

凌友詩. / 本論文於1997年9月15日呈交. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 附參考文獻 / 中英文摘要. / Ling Youshi. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緖論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 本論文的研究焦點與研究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三節 --- 本論文主要內容 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四節 --- 系統論及其在本論文中的應用 --- p.25 / Chapter 第五節 --- 歷史制度學派及其在本論文中的應用 --- p.30 / Chapter 第六節 --- 本論文研究範疇(Scope) --- p.34 / Chapter 第七節 --- 本論文的資料來源 --- p.39 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國政治系統的意識形態與政治文化 --- p.40 / Chapter 第一節 --- 蘇維埃國家的意識形態與政治文化 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政治文化與中央地方關係 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節 --- 經濟改革與政治改革對政治文化的影響 --- p.55 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.58 / Chapter 第三章 --- 中國政治系統的權力結構-中央政府與地方政府 --- p.61 / Chapter 第一節 --- 分工性地方分權 --- p.64 / Chapter 第二中 --- 央集權的立法體制 --- p.68 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中央政府對地方政府的授權方式 --- p.71 / Chapter 第四節 --- 民主集中制的廣泛應用 --- p.73 / Chapter 第五節 --- 「條條」與「塊塊」 --- p.84 / Chapter 第六節 --- 體制改革與權力結構 --- p.88 / Chapter 第七節 --- 小結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第四章 --- 中國政治系統的權力結構- 共產黨對地方政府的領導 --- p.98 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政治、思想組織的領導 --- p.99 / Chapter 第二節 --- 組織的領導一地方黨委和黨組 --- p.103 / Chapter 第三節 --- 人事方面的領導一「黨管幹部」 --- p.109 / Chapter 第四節 --- 政治體制改革對「共產黨領導」的影響 --- p.114 / Chapter 第五節 --- 改革開放後加強黨的領導 --- p.121 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.131 / Chapter 第五章 --- 政治系統的秩序與凝聚力的來源-集團政治 --- p.132 / Chapter 第一節 --- 對兩個有關中央控制地方的研究的補充 --- p.136 / Chapter 第二節 --- 共產黨作為一個「集團」在政治分析上的重要性 --- p.139 / Chapter 第三節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的出身背景 --- p.144 / Chapter 第四節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的仕進模式 --- p.153 / Chapter 第五節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的交叉任職 --- p.163 / Chapter 第六節 --- 在經濟建設的同時加強黨的建設 --- p.170 / Chapter 第七節 --- 小結 --- p.176 / Chapter 第六章 --- 經濟管理權下放的意涵及影響 --- p.178 / Chapter 第一節 --- 權力下放在整個政治系統裡的意義 --- p.179 / Chapter 第二節 --- 八〇年代下放的經濟管理權 --- p.184 / Chapter 第三節 --- 經濟管理權下放後的地方現象 --- p.189 / Chapter 第四節 --- 從地方投資行為看地方利益的性質 --- p.193 / Chapter 第五節 --- 地方問題的成因及其根本解決 --- p.200 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.211 / Chapter 第七章 --- 地方分歧的典型個案 --- p.212 / Chapter 第一節 --- 七八年後中央處理地方分歧的原則 --- p.213 / Chapter 第二節 --- 上海要求調整財稅分成 --- p.216 / Chapter 第三節 --- 八五年海南汽車倒賣事件 --- p.222 / Chapter 第四節 --- 葉選平邀集各省代表反對中央經濟緊縮政策 --- p.229 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.237 / Chapter 第八章 --- 全文總結 --- p.239 / 參考文獻 --- p.254 / 中文文獻 --- p.254 / 英文文獻 --- p.262 / 附表 --- p.274

This dissertation offers a new account of New York City's politics and government in the 1930s and 1940s. Focusing on the development of the functions and capacities of the municipal state, it examines three sets of interrelated political changes: the triumph of "municipal reform" over the institutions and practices of the Tammany Hall political machine and its outer-borough counterparts; the incorporation of hundreds of thousands of new voters into the electorate and into urban political life more broadly; and the development of an ambitious and capacious public sector--what Joshua Freeman has recently described as a "social democratic polity." It places these developments within the context of the national New Deal, showing how national officials, responding to the limitations of the American central state, utilized the planning and operational capacities of local governments to meet their own imperatives; and how national initiatives fed back into subnational politics, redrawing the bounds of what was possible in local government as well as altering the strength and orientation of local political organizations. The dissertation thus seeks not only to provide a more robust account of this crucial passage in the political history of America's largest city, but also to shed new light on the history of the national New Deal--in particular, its relation to the urban social reform movements of the Progressive Era, the long-term effects of short-lived programs such as work relief and price control, and the roles of federalism and localism in New Deal statecraft.

This study examined the factors that influence a local government’s decision to engage in regional collaborations. Analysis of 7 local government managers and eleven elected officials revealed that the decision to engage in regional collaboration was influenced by external factors, organizational factors, and internal motivations. Elected officials and local government managers identified a disaster occurrence, fiscal stress, outside agencies, jurisdictional benefit, and communication as key factors. Further, this research highlights the importance of the role of the elected official in intergovernmental arrangements, the role of the local government manager as the policy entrepreneur, and the influence of shared norms and values.

Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The study deals with the service delivery challenges facing the Limpopo Department of Public Works with regard to the discharging of its mandates “Provision of government infrastructure, management and maintenance of government immovable assets”. Literature review was conducted as a secondary source of information and primary information was collected from a sample of 61 respondents. The study used both qualitative (focus group discussions) and quantitative (questionnaires) in data collection and analysis. The findings revealed that the root causes of the challenges and the challenges themselves that the Department of Public Works: Limpopo is facing are internal and are as follows; Unavailability of work tools, low morale, budget constraints, long supply chain management processes and a lack of skilled personnel. Recommendations for these challenges are developing human resource capacity coupled with a good human resource plan, availability of a proper budget, business process reengineering, the introduction of a monitoring and evaluation system, a customer relationship management system and lastly a change of the organisational culture.

Abstract not available

Discretion is commonly analyzed as the scope for choice set by formal superiors. This study aims at developing an alternative theory of discretion which also takes into account the assumptions of the actors in implementing positions. The theory is constructed with the purpose of being an empirical tool for analyzing discretion on a nation-wide basis and in a central-local government context. It concerns two main questions: to what extent does discretion vary and how can this variation be explained? The theory section concludes with a number of empirically testable hypotheses. The concept of discretion is defined as the scope for choice available to actors, in formally subordinate positions, vis-à-vis their superiors. It is seen as a special case of autonomy, as it is attributed to subordinates and primarily concerns one dimension of autonomy, namely freedom of action. In the second half of the study, the theory is applied empirically to the discretion available to Swedish local government Education Committees. A questionnaire study of all Education Committee Chairpersons and Chief Education Officers and in-depth interviews of a selected sample of these have been undertaken. The empirical study clearly indicates that there is variation in discretion. In spite of the uniformity of the system of governing local education, it is found that the limits for discretion are set differently by different Education Committee representatives. The variation follows a pattern which has been, at least partly, reconstructed. Variables which appear as important in explaining variation include: the extent to which the control system is regarded as efficient; the size and population density of the local authority; and individual traits such as length of experience and gender. However, our analysis also shows that these explanations are more valid in certain contexts than in others, which points the way for further research. / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985.