Urban land prices have important effects on urban development and locational distribution of land-uses. Housing is one of those sectors. There are high-density residential areas covering high-rise apartments at the city center where the land prices are quite high. Here, sizes of the plots and the housing units are relatively small. However, land prices begin to decrease with the increasing distance from the city center and the production of low-density, low-rise housing which is economically unfeasible at the center turns to be feasible for the housebuilders at the outskirts. Low-rise houses at the urban fringe provides various opportunities for the households. In these areas, plots and housing units are relatively larger due to cheap and available land. In addition to this, better urban services, quiet and clean environment as well as privacy contribute to create a livable urban environment. However, households living in low-rise housing units are subject to high transportation and maintenance costs. It is expected that they would compensate these costs with larger housing units, prestigious urban environment and many opportunities that their neighborhoods offer. Urbanization processes may be differ from one country to another with respect to the socio-economic and political structures, and the environmental characteristics. In that sense, low-rise housing areas at the urban fringe of Ankara were found to be developed highly compatible with urban land use theories / but different from the processes experienced in developed countries, to some extent. With regard to these, low-rise housing development in Ankara is discussed according to plan decisions, housebuilders, households and urban development pattern, considering the theoretical basis and historical processes.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы и приложения. В работе рассматривается концепция современных каркасных домов по финской технологии, которая пришла к нам с северных широт американского континента, где они являются самым распространенным вариантом частного жилья. В качестве ключевого доказательства выделяются конструкционные особенности «зеленых домов», которые характеризуются высокими теплоизоляционными качествами с доступной стоимостью и оптимальным сроком возведения. Описываются характерные особенности этапов строительства каркасных домов и уделяется внимание материалу, из которого собираются данные конструкции. Проведен макроэкономический анализ показателей Свердловской области и города Кушва, приведена характеристика города и анализ внешнеэкономического окружения. Предложен проект реализации инвестиционно-строительного проекта каркасного коттеджного поселка, позволяющий удовлетворить потребность жителей города в индивидуальном жилье. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и результаты диссертационного исследования. / The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and an Appendix. The paper discusses the concept of modern frame houses on the Finnish technology, which came to us from the Northern latitudes of the American continent, where they are the most common option of private housing. The key evidence is the structural features of "green houses", which are characterized by high thermal insulation qualities with affordable cost and optimal construction time. The characteristic features of the stages of construction of frame houses are described and attention is paid to the material from which these structures are collected. The macroeconomic analysis of indicators of the Sverdlovsk region and the city of Kushva is carried out, the characteristic of the city and the analysis of the external economic environment is given. The project of realization of investment and construction project of the frame cottage settlement allowing to satisfy need of inhabitants of the city in individual housing is offered. In conclusion, the main conclusions and results of the dissertation research are formulated.

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы. В работе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты малоэтажного жилищного строительства с применением энергосберегающих материалов. Произведен анализ внешнего экономического окружения девелоперского проекта. Определены источники финансирования, сформирован бюджет проекта, рассчитаны показатели экономической эффективности проекта. В заключении сформулированы основные выводы и обобщены результаты исследования. / Master's thesis consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of references. The paper considers the theoretical aspects of low-rise housing using energy-saving materials. The analysis of the external economic environment of the development project is made. Sources of financing have been identified, a project budget has been formed, and indicators of the project's economic efficiency have been calculated. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formulated and the results of the study are summarized.

L'objet de la thèse est d'étudier les processus de densification des tissus à dominante pavillonnaire des espaces suburbains et périurbains encore peu étudiés sous l'angle de leurs transformations morphologiques. Nous adoptons pour cela une approche qui relève d'une économie politique de la production urbaine, qui s'attache à étudier de manière conjointe les aspects politiques, économiques, sociaux mais aussi réglementaires et techniques qui peuvent expliquer la matérialité des transformations urbaines observées. A ce titre, nous articulons deux courants de travaux : des travaux d'économie politique territoriale et des travaux d'économie de l'aménagement. Plus précisément, la notion de post-suburbanisation, entendue comme un processus généralisé de développement intensif affectant de manière différenciée les espaces de banlieue et conduisant à une autonomisation progressive de ces banlieues par rapport à la ville centre de l'agglomération, est au centre de notre approche. La post-suburbanisation se distingue de la suburbanisation qui reposait plutôt sur un développement urbain extensif. Elle pose donc la question de la densification des espaces pavillonnaires peu denses hérités de l'ère suburbaine. Mais dans ce processus, toutes les communes ne cherchent pas à se densifier, certaines empêchent délibérément la densification, d'autres cherchent au contraire à la favoriser. Ceci nous amène alors à formuler l'hypothèse centrale de notre travail, à savoir qu'il existe un lien entre la stratégie post-suburbaine d'une commune et la forme de densification privilégiée. Nous avons étudié des processus de densification de tissus à dominante pavillonnaire, dans des contextes entre autres caractérisés par l'existence de politiques locales explicites de densification, dans deux municipalités de la région urbaine de Toronto au Canada(Guelph et Markham) et dans deux municipalités de la région parisienne en France(Magny-les-Hameaux et Noisy-le-Grand). La mise en regard des quatre études de cas fait apparaître deux grands types de processus de densification : les processus de densification douce (Guelph et Magny-les-Hameaux) qui se caractérisent par une densification sans changement de forme urbaine et les processus de densification forte (Markham et Noisy-le-Grand) qui se caractérisent par une modification importante de la forme urbaine pouvant conduire au remplacement de tout ou partie du tissu pavillonnaire préexistant par des immeubles. C'est notre premier résultat. L'analyse fine des processus en contexte et des différentes politiques visant spécifiquement la densification, fait apparaître un second résultat : dans les quatre municipalités, les politiques de densification affichées sont explicitement articulées à une recherche de centralité relative. La forme de la densification observée au sein des tissus à dominante pavillonnaire apparaît alors à la fois comme un moyen et comme un résultat du degré de centralité visé d'une municipalité donnée dans la hiérarchie post-suburbaine. Plus précisément, dans les cas étudiés, des politiques incitatives de densification douce sont mises en œuvre dans les municipalités qui adoptent une stratégie de centralité de portée plutôt locale, ce qui se traduit par une politique de croissance modérée, principalement résidentielle. Tandis que les politiques (incitative ou interventionniste) de densification forte sont l'apanage des municipalités adoptant une stratégie de centralité sub-régionale, ce qui se traduit par des politiques de type entrepreneurial visant à attirer des ménages et des emplois sur leur territoire. Cette recherche montre également que si les processus de densification résultent majoritairement de mécanismes de marché qui s'expriment de façon différente en fonction du contexte urbain et culturel national, les politiques mises en place jouent un rôle important dans la création de ces marchés fonciers et immobiliers (...) / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze densification processes at work in low rise residential spaces of suburban and periurban areas that have rarely been studied in terms of their morphological changes. I adopt an urban political economy approach which is sensitive to the political, economic, social, regulatory and technical aspects of the materiality of the urban transformations observed.The thesis articulates two strands of existing work on territorial political economy and land use planning. The concept of post-suburbanisation, understood as a generalized process of intensive development affecting suburban areas in a differentiated manner and leading to a gradual autonomy of these suburbs in relation to the center of the agglomeration, is at the heart of the approach. As such, it raises the question of the densification of the sparse low rise areas inherited from the suburban era. But in this process, some municipalities are not looking to densify and deliberately obstruct densification, while others are, on the contrary, promoting it. This leads us to come up with our main hypothesis, namely that there is a link between the post-suburban strategy adopted and the privileged way to regulate densification. I study the densification processes in low rise areas in different contexts characterized by the existence of an explicit local policy of densification in two municipalities of the Toronto Region in Canada (Guelph and Markham) and in two municipalities of the Paris-City Region in France (Magny-les-Hameaux and Noisy-le-Grand). The analysis of the four case studies reveals two main types of densification processes: soft densification processes (Guelph and Magny-les-Hameaux) characterized by a densification that does not change the urban form, and hard densification processes (Markham and Noisy-le-Grand), which are characterized by a significant change in the urban form that can lead to the replacement of all or a part of the existing low rise areas by multistory buildings. The in-depth analysis of the densification processes and of the different measures that regulate them shows that, in the four municipalities, the densification policies are explicitly articulated with a search for a relative centrality in the urban region. The nature of the densification observed in the low rise areas appears both as a means and as an outcome of the degree of centrality aimed for by a given municipality within the post-suburban hierarchy. The cases illustrate that incentive-based policies of soft densification are implemented in municipalities that adopt a strategy aiming for local centrality, which leads to a moderate, mainly residential, growth policy. Hard densification policies (that can be incentive-based or interventionist) are the prerogative of municipalities adopting a strategy of sub-regional centrality, which is reflected in entrepreneurial policies aiming at attracting households and jobs to their territory. The research also shows that if the densification processes mainly result from market mechanisms that are expressed differently depending on the national urban and cultural contexts, the implemented public policies play an important role in the creation of these local land and property markets. Finally, we identified four types of local densification policies in the low rise areas. These different types of policies determine in a differentiated manner the nature (the urban forms produced) and the configuration (actors involved, actors affected, distribution of capital gains) of the densification processes