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Through the use of laser flash photolysis and product studies, the photochemistry of dibenzyl ketone and its derivatives in SDS micelles shows that these aggregates impart some constraint on the dynamics of benzylic radical pairs. The enhancement of the geminate/cross-termination product occurring within the micellar interior is termed the geminate cage effect. Under conditions where all radicals exit from the supramolecular system, a substantial amount of the cross-termination product is observed in the product studies. This experimental evidence cannot be explained with conventional models, and a new proposal is put forth which suggests that some of the cross-termination product arises from radicals that exit the micelle and then recombine upon re-entry. This new approach is based on the binding of solutes to the micelle and is called the partition effect. Two sizes of DODAC vesicles were investigated. In small unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of 30 nm, the cage effect derived from product studies showed a significant enhancement of the cross-termination product. Time-resolved experiments showed that all radicals separate, which implies that all of the enhanced cross-termination reactions from the product studies are derived from random radical encounters. Product studies in large vesicles (∼150 nm diameter) demonstrated that the cross-termination product is enhanced, but not to the same extent as for SDS micelles or small vesicles. Calculations reveal that a significant proportion of the random encounters occur in the bulk aqueous phase. The proposed model suggests that it is not necessary to generate a triplet radical pair in order to observe a magnetic field effect on product distribution. In summary, this new proposal predicts that magnetic field effects in biological systems can be observed as long as mobility between different solubilization sites occurs. / Graduate

(¤@)FVP of (4-Methoxystyryl)pyridenes gave the corresponding phenol products 18 and tricyclic products 20, which all included indene structure. (¤G)FVP of ortho-Chlorostyrylarenes gave the cyclized prodccts 17, which eliminated chloro group. Photolytic study of ortho-Chlorostyrylarenes gave chloro-containing cyclized products 22.

Abstract¡G ¤@¡B trans o-Thiomethoxystilbene and its derivatives 19a-c had been studied by means of pyrolysis and photolysis. Under pyrolytic conditions, compounds 19a-c gave not only the products 24¡B30¡B33,but also their corresponding isomers 26¡B31¡B34 . Furthermore, compound 19c gave dibenzothiophene (32) as the major product by opening the furan ring at higher temperature. Under photolytic conditions, compounds 19a-c gave the corresponding photocyclic products 40¡B44¡B46. With the exception of 19c, photolysis of 19a and 19b also gave 24 and 30, respectively. ¤G¡B For synthetic study of thieno-fused derivatives 4 and 5 of truxene, preparation monomer 6 and 7 can be accomplished in two steps by means of flash vacuum pyrolysis.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxviii, 310 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-183). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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The presence of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in wastewater effluent and surface waters has raised attention due to their health and environmental effects. Some TOrCs are naturally attenuated via biodegradation, photo-degradation and/or adsorption, but some persist in the environment as contaminants in surface and ground waters. Thus, it is crucially important to understand their transformation pathways and their mechanisms following their discharge into the environment. This work presents research in three parts: • The first part represents an investigation of photo-transformation of TOrCs (e.g., furfuryl alcohol, p-cresol, gemfibrozil) under UV254, UVA and natural sunlight, and involving reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, triplet excited states, and specific inorganic radicals that are created by effluent organic matter (EfOM). Singlet oxygen was the only ROS, generated from effluent organic matter (EfOM) that mainly contributed to the photo-transformation of these selected TOrCs. A comprehensive mechanism and complementary kinetic model were proposed to predict the trajectories of TOrC removals via reaction with singlet oxygen. Simulations built on predicted quantum efficiencies accounted for light shading and competitive effects. Agreement between measurements and simulations was excellent. • The second part of the dissertation summarizes expected removal efficiencies for fifty-five TOrCs in alternative engineered and natural treatment processes including conventional biological treatment, advanced oxidation processes (AOP), reverse osmosis (RO), granular activated carbon (GAC), and sunlight photolysis. • The last section of the dissertation follows the trajectories of a series of TOrCs and total estrogenic activity in the Santa Cruz River, following their discharge from a wastewater treatment plant in the Tucson area. The study suggests that some TOrCs tend to persist in the environment while others experience photo (or other) transformations that diminish their concentrations or activities with distance and time of travel in the river. The attenuation of estrogenic activity was dependent on sunlight and the presence of specific (unidentified) wastewater components.

Studies have been carried out investigating the photochemical and photophysical properties of anthracene adsorbed on silica gel. The photochemistry and photo physics of anthracene in solution are well reported and known, hence its choice as a probe for the silica gel surface. UV -visible absorption and fluorescence spectra of anthracene adsorbed on silica gel reveal aggregate formation at very low loadings (1 % of a monolayer) indicating preferential adsorption occurs at some surface sites. Laser flash photolysis at 355 nm produces both the triplet and radical cation of anthracene, their production was found to be mono- and multi-photonic respectively. The decays of both these transients were complex and the rates increased with increasing loading. Analysis of the triplet state decay has been carried out by studying the delayed fluorescence which arises from triplet triplet annihilation. Fractal and twodimensional models have been used to describe this bimolecular decay. The coadsorption of anthracene and an electron donor having an oxidation potential below 1.09 V on silica gel causes electron transfer to occur from the electron donor to the anthracene radical cation produced following laser flash photolysis at 355 nm. Studies using a selection of electron donors with varying reduction potentials were carried out. The electron donor transfers an electron to the anthracene radical cation, thus greatly accelerating its rate of decay; for electron donors such as triphenylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline and N,N,N',N'tetramethyl- l,4-phenylenediamine the rise of the donor radical cation is observed as the anthracene cation decays. These systems were studied using fluorescence measurements and laser flash photolysis to study any fluorescence quenching and the rate of decay of both the anthracene triplet and radical cation. A selection of anthracene derivatives adsorbed onto silica gel were also briefly studied to see the effect of substituent group and its position. Symmetrically substituted dialkoxyanthracenes and 9-cyanoanthracene were used. The transient absorption spectra of the 2,3- and 2,6-dialkoxyderivatives and 9-cyanoanthracene revealed spectral similarities with that of unsubstituted anthracene. The spectra of9,10- and I,S-didecyloxyanthracene showed significant differences in the radical cation spectra to those obtained for unsubstituted anthracene.