Eurasian Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) is a long-distance migrant wintering in sub-Saharan Africa and breeding in reedbeds of the Western Palaearctic. European populations migrate in two main directions (SW and SE). Though there is little morphological variation across the breeding range, Asian populations are traditionally separated from the nominate subspecies as the subspecies fuscus. My aim was to explore genetic differentiation among Eurasian Reed Warbler populations in respect to the factors which may have influenced the genetic diversity and divergence of the populations, such as a migratory divide, high migratory connectivity or isolation by distance. I used samples of 495 individuals from 36 populations across the breeding range using microsatellites. Pairwaise fixation indexes FST showed significant differences among populations from the Iberian peninsula, Finland and the Middle East and the rest of populations. Exact tests of differentiation did not confirm non-random distribution between pairs of populations. Overall FST was statistical significant but very small (FST = 0,018). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 98% of variation was ascribable to variability of allele frequencies within populations. On the other hand, differences between populations contributed to overall variation with only 2%. Isolation by distance showed only weak relationship between geographical and genetic distances. Main analysis using Bayesian clustering approach implemented in software Structure 2.2. detected no genetic structure of population. Sampled Eurasian Reed Warbler populations seem to form one genetic population. Relatively low genetic diversification indicates large dispersal potential of the studied Reed Warbler populations, when gene flow successfully counters differentiation of population irrespective of large breeding area and high migrate connectivity between breeding and wintering area.

The present Master thesis deals with location of aluminium castings in the heat treatment furnace and its influence on mechanical properties. As testing samples for the experimental part, tensile bars were used; they were cast from the subeutetic silumin AlSi7Mg0,6. These samples were placed in the furnace in the locations where temperatures were calibrated by the furnace supplier. Then, tensile tests were performed to evaluate the resulting mechanical properties of the samples. The experiment was carried out in the foundry of non-ferrous metals, MESIT foundry Ltd., Uherské Hradiště.

The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on the use of ultrasonic methods in building practice. Explains here how ultrasound works. The second part focuses on the possibility of anchoring. It describes what is chemical, mechanical anchoring. It deals with the tensile testing additionally mounted chemical anchors Hilti. Primarily focuses on what happens if it fails to comply with the correct technological procedure when installing chemical anchors.

The influence of two lubricating and cleaning agents and diesel fuel on environmental stress cracking of polyamide reinforced by glass fibers and polycarbonate was studied in this master thesis. Testing of environmental stress cracking was performed by the method of critical bending deformation. Bergen elliptical strain jig was used for testing. The test liquids caused varying levels of environmental stress cracking of amorphous polycarbonate, but they did not cause environmental stress cracking of glass fiber reinforced polyamide. The test method used allows testing the resistance of both materials against environmental stress cracking of any liquid. The results can be used to design products that are expected to be exposed to corrosive liquids. Quantification of the influence of stress free corrosion on the static and impact properties of polycarbonate and glass fiber reinforced polyamide was performed by accelerated test. Specimens were exposed to test liquid and an elevated temperature of 70 °C. The mechanical properties of the tested materials were significantly affected by elevated temperature exposure. The yield strength of the polycarbonate has increased and the toughness has decreased due to physical aging. The tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced polyamide has increased due to a decrease of the moisture content of the material.

Tension leveling is a process used in the steel industry in order to eliminate any shape imperfections of cold-rolled thin strips. The master thesis deals with developing a computer program that generates basic parameters of tension leveling line. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the types of the shape imperfections in strips, their causes and the principles of their elimination. This part also presents the mechanism of tension leveling and describes the present-day design of tension levelers. The practical part of the thesis starts with an analytical description of stress-strain behaviour of strip during tension leveling (supposing the simplified conditions). A computer program that allows devising basic parameters of tension leveling line is created on the basis of these analytical relations. The program results are successfully verified by numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) created in the program ANSYS. Then the interdependencies of certain input and output parameters of created program are determined. These interdependencies can be used as effective design of tension leveling lines.

Předkládaná práce se zabývá problematikou navrhování membránových konstrukcí, a to především s ohledem na vývoj potřebných výpočetních nástrojů v rámci MKP programů. Po uvedení základních fyzikálních požadavků jednotlivých kroků při navrhování těchto konstrukcí budou dále prezentovány vybrané či navržené algoritmy. Kapitola form finding se zabývá analýzou tvaru membránových konstrukcí. Rovnovážný tvar je odvozen od požadavku na výsledné předpětí, specifikované okrajové podmínky a aplikované zatížení. Obecně se ale tento proces zabývá i samotným hledáním rovnovážné soustavy sil v prostoru. V důsledku této skutečnosti jsou součástí popisované analýzy také vhodné stabilizační metody. V této kapitole budou prezentovány jak zvolené postupy, tak i navržená stabilizační technika specializovaná na hledání tvarů kuželových membrán. Dále je také popsán navržený algoritmus pro řešení úloh optimalizujících tvary ohybově tuhých konstrukcí, které jsou spjaty s hledáním labilních rovnovážných konfigurací. Kapitola structural analysis je zaměřená především na fenomén vrásnění membrán. Tato náhlá ztráta stability silně ovlivňuje statickou i dynamickou odezvu membránových konstrukcí. V rámci této kapitoly je představena a verifikována navržená výpočetní metoda, modulárně aplikovatelná na lineární, nelineárně elastické i plastické materiály používané pro uvedené konstrukce. Kapitola cutting pattern generation se zabývá výpočtem střihových vzorů, nezbytných pro výrobní proces membránových konstrukcí. Pro tento proces je v rámci předkládané práce navržena kombinace dvou různých metod. Zvolená posloupnost algoritmů cílí na optimalizaci poměru rychlosti, obecnosti a přesnosti výpočtu. Zmíněné kapitoly jsou doplněny jednotlivými příklady, analyzovanými pomocí popisovaných algoritmů, které demonstrují konkrétní fyzikální problémy či nezbytné implementační procesy.

A testing system MTS Tytron 250 with an original construction was bought at the Institute of Physics of Materials, AVCR v.v.i. The main aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain experiences with the controlling of the system and with its advantages and limitations. The tensile tests were performed on Al fibres with diameters of 125 micrometer, 180 micrometer a 500 micrometer, nylon fibres of 250 micrometer and 500 micrometer and tensile and cyclic tests on Al foil of 77 micrometer in thickness. It was found that the machine is suitable for testing of either subtle specimens with low loading forces or specimens with low stiffness as e.g. polymers or very long metallic or ceramic fibres. On the other side, the Tytrom system is not able to perform tests on specimens with a high stiffness and high loading forces. Material parameters were determined with a high reproducibility. Advantages and limitations of several types of subtle specimen's fixation into the grips were studied too.

This diploma thesis deals with the control of unwinding and winding tension sections on the slitter rewinder for packaging material. The essay was created in collaboration with SOMA company, which provided a machine for testing and measuring. The theoretical part describes the function of bitter rewinder, possible mechanical approaches of control the tension sections, and real mechanics of control on our machine. The next part explores selected hardware and its use on the rewinder. Further chapters are focused on the individual measuring chains, calibration, computations of required quantities and control algorithms. The last part compares the theoretical and measured values and evaluates the results of this essay.

In design of an aircraft structure, the great emphasis is placed on achieving high weight efficiency. This thesis is focused on the stress analysis of the spars with thin web with or without web openings, which is one of the most important parts of the airplane structures. In comparison with traditional spars or beams, which are widely used in civil engineering applications, the design of the beam with thin web is more complicated. Thesis contains useful information for analytical calculation of this type of spars and its verification using finite element method and experimental measurement.

The presented dissertation is focused on research in the field of dowels and design of concrete pavements using the finite element method. The theory part describes the history and the currently used techniques in the world and in the Czech Republic. The practice part of the dissertation contains a description of design methods, diagnostics of concrete pavements by using FWD and a description of laboratory tests on beams with inserted dowels. The results of measurements and modelling are verified on real operating conditions on testing fields. Based on the dissertation results, the amendment of the Czech standard ČSN 73 6123-1 regarding the position of dowels were proposed and approved. In addition, methodological guidelines of the Ministry of Transport regarding the measurements of the dowels and tie bars position and diagnostic by FWD was approved. The conclusion of the work summarizes and emphasizes the results of the dissertation.