The relationships between trends in migration patterns and regional employment structures during and after the Peruvian agrarian reform years are explored. Population movements, particularly the outmigration from the Peruvian countryside, are seen as influenced primarily by structural conditions of the regional economies. Census data is used to compare rates of migration between 1972, when the land reform was taking place, and 1981, after the reform measures had taken effect. These findings are compared with an analysis of trends in the regional labor force. It is found that the regional disparities in socioeconomic development would suggest much greater outmigration than is indicated by the departmental migration rates. Due to the seasonality of labor demand in agriculture, many population movements are necessarily of a temporary or circular nature. No direct correlations are made between land reform measures and rates of migration; rather, the study describes regional socioeconomic contexts of the reform, and the likely impact of the land reform on the propensity to migrate.