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Användande av Microwave HistoSTATION vid urkalkning av histologiska preparat : En jämförelse med konventionell teknik / Use of Microwave HistoSTATION in decalcification of histological specimens : A comparison to conventional technologyWallin, Sara January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Reproducerbarheten av viridansstreptokocker med MALDI-TOF MSMårtenson, Simon, Andreasson, Oscar January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Muscle activation during the chin-up exercise versus the lat-pulldown exercise using different workloads : An Electromyography studyEkberg, Niklas January 2017 (has links)
Background: Two commonly used strength training exercises are the chin-up- and the lat-pulldown exercise. Both exercises are performed by using similar movement patterns and by using the same primary muscles. Previous research has shown that each exercise can exhibit unique training stimulus and should not be considered interchangeably. However, there is limited research regarding comparison of muscle activation between the exercises. Knowing the amount of muscle activation when performing the exercises, can help strength training participants to choose exercise and relative workload according to the specific muscles they want to target. Purpose: This study sought to compare muscle activation (measured as average) in m. latissimus dorsi (LD), m. biceps brachii (BB), middle m. trapezius (TR) and m. rectus abdominis (RA) between performing the chin-up at 100% of participants’ individual bodyweight (BW) with lat-pulldown at 50%-, 65%- and 75% BW. Methods: Twenty strength trained male participants (25.0 ± 3.3 yr; 181.0 ± 5.8 cm; 82.0 ± 7.8 kg) were examined during the study. Surface electromyography (SEMG) was collected from LD, BB, TR & RA during the exercises. Average muscle activation was expressed as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Exercise execution was as identical as possible for both exercises and was performed using pronated handgrip and a grip width equal to 1.5 times the participants individual biacromial distance. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) increases in average muscle activation were found in LD, BB and RA during chin-up 100% BW compared to lat-pulldown at 50%-, 65% and 75% BW. However, for TR no significant difference (p=0.145) was found between chin-up 100% BW and lat-pulldown when performed at 75% BW. Conclusion: These results indicate that performing the lat-pulldown using workload somewhere between 75-100% BW can exhibit the same muscle activation as performing the chin-up at 100% BW. Keywords: Strength training, Surface electromyography, Muscle activation, Chin-up exercise, Latpulldown exercise, Different workloads, Randomisation, Cross-over, Observational
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Jämförelse mellan total lungkapacitetberäknat utifrån single-breath metangasspädningrespektive kroppspletysmografi / Comparison between total lung capacity calculated bysingle-breath methane dilutionand by whole-body plethysmographyJansson, Therése, Källmyr, Nicole January 2017 (has links)
Total lungkapacitet (TLC) är den totala volymen gas i lungorna efter en maximal inspiration. Den kan beräknas med kroppspletysmograf utifrån tryckförändringar och Boyles lag respektive utifrån gasspädning med metan alternativt helium som spädningsgas. Vanligen används kroppspletysmografi och för att kunna använda metangasspädning som substitut är överensstämmelsen mellan metoderna av intresse. Studiens syfte var att jämföra TLC från single-breath metangasspädning med TLC från kroppspletysmografi. Data gällande patienter som genomgått båda undersökningarna vid samma tillfälle enligt standardförfarande samlades in. Studien var en retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie och populationen á 48 patienter innehöll lika många män som kvinnor, åldrar från 10 till 87 år samt med och utan angivna respiratoriska sjukdomar. TLC från kroppspletysmografin sträckte sig från 2,6 till 8,4 liter och TLC från metangasspädningen sträckte sig från 2,5 till 7,7 liter. TLC från gasspädningen var i genomsnitt 0,59 liter mindre än TLC från kroppspletysmografin. Metangasspädningen underskattade TLC med 11,3%. Skillnaden mellan kroppspletysmografins TLC och metangasspädningens TLC var signifikant vilket fastställdes med t-test för parvisa observationer. På grund av studiepopulationens natur finns behov av ytterligare studier med större populationer. TLC från metangasspädningen uppgick till 88,7% av TLC från kroppspletysmografin och gasspädning kan inte utan ökad risk för underskattning av TLC användas som substitut för kroppspletysmografi. / Total lung capacity (TLC) is the gas volume in the lungs after maximal inspiration. It can be calculated using whole-body plethysmography, pressure changes and Boyle’s law, or using gas dilution with methane or helium as inert gas. Agreement between the methods is of interest to make substitution of the more commonly used whole-body plethysmography with methane dilution possible. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare TLC from single-breath methane dilution with TLC from whole-body plethysmography. Data concerning patients who underwent these two standard procedure examinations in one visit was collected. The population of 48 had an even gender distribution, included ages 10 to 87 and patients with or without known respiratory diseases. TLC from whole-body plethysmography ranged between 2,6 and 8,4 liters. TLC from methane dilution ranged between 2,5 and 7,7 liters. TLC from gas dilution averaged 0,59 liters less than TLC from whole-body plethysmography and underestimated TLC by 11,3%. Paired samples t-test determined the difference between methods to be significant. Due to the nature of this population, further studies of larger populations are needed. Methane dilution TLC amounted to 88,7% of TLC from whole-body plethysmography which therefore cannot be substituted with methane dilution without increased risk of underestimating TLC.
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Verification of Reveos Terumo 2C (2 component) method for introduction at the department of Transfusion Medicine in FalunDiriye, Iman January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Kan olika deponeringsmönster användas för en mer exakt deponering av partiklar i de små luftvägarna? / Can different deposition patterns be used for a more accurate deposition of particles in the small airways?Björk, Evelina January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Metabolisk Respons vid ansträngning hos Claudicatio Intermittens, före och efter behandling av Cilostazol / Metabolic Response to Exercise in Intermittent Claudication, Before and After Cilostazol treatmentDanho, Hanan January 2021 (has links)
Claudicatio Intermittens (CI) är en kärlsjukdom som yttrar sig i form av perifer smärta och som begränsar ens gångsträcka. Patienter med CI har ett Ankel Brachial Index (ABI) på eller under 0,5. Mikrodialys kan användas för att analysera metaboliter såsom glukos, glycerol, laktat och pyruvat i en muskel. Denna teknik används i denna studie för att se metabolismen i muskeln före och efter Cilostazol Behandling. Syftet är att se om Cilostazol kan förbättra gångsträckan hos patienter med CI och se om det sker en metabolisk förändring efter 6-8 veckors Cilostazol behandling. Totalt deltog 9 patienter i studien. Undersökningen hade en vilo-, arbets- och en återhämtningsfas. Patienterna fick en mikrodialys kateter insatt i musculus gastrocnemius där metaboliterna insamlades in i mikrovialer för att sedan kunna analyseras. ABI mättes med ankelbrachialmätning. Syrgasmättnad mättes med hjälp av en INVOS mätare. Under arbetsfasen där patienterna fick genomgå ett gångmattetest så noterades Absolute Walking Distance (AWD, eller maximal gångsträcka) och Initial Claudication Distance (ICD, eller gångsträcka utan smärtor). Efter undersökningen fick patienterna gå på en Cilostazol behandling i 6-8 veckor sedan gjordes samma undersökning om igen. Metabolisk skedde i stort sett ingen signifikant skillnad efter Cilostazol behandling. ICD och ABI visade signifikant skillnad efter Cilostazol behandling. En större och mer utvecklad studie hade behövts för att frågeställningen ska besvarar med en större säkerhet men en slutsats kan dras att Cilostazol kan förbättra gångsträckan hos patienter med CI. / Intermittent claudication (CI) is a vascular disease that manifests itself in the form of peripheral pain and limits one's Walking distance. Patients with CI have an Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) of or below 0.5. Microdialysis can be used to analyze metabolites such as glucose, glycerol, lactate and pyruvate in a muscle. This technique is used in this study to see the metabolism in the muscle before and after Cilostazol Treatment. The aim is to see if Cilostazol can improve the walking distance in patients with CI and see if there is a metabolic change after 6-8 weeks of Cilostazol treatment. A total of 9 patients participated in the study. The study had a rest, work and recovery phase. Patients received a microdialysis catheter inserted into the gastrocnemius muscle where the metabolites were collected in to microvials for analysis. ABI was measured with ankle brachial measurement. Oxygen saturation was measured using an INVOS meter. During the work phase where the patients had to undergo a walking mat test, Absolute Walking Distance (AWD, or maximum walking distance) and Initial Claudication Distance (ICD, or walking distance without pain) were noted. After the examination, the patients were given a Cilostazol treatment for 6-8 weeks, then the same examination was performed again. Metabolically, there was virtually no significant difference after Cilostazol treatment. ICD and ABI showed significant difference after Cilostazol treatment. A larger and more developed study would have been needed for the question to be answered with greater certainty but it can be concluded that Cilostazol improves the walking distance in patients with CI.
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Diagnostisk träffsäkerhet och undersökningstid för kombinerat hjärt- och lungultraljud vid akutvårdsförloppet hos patienter med akut dyspné. : En litteraturstudie / Diagnostic accuracy and time duration for combined heart and lung ultrasound in the course of emergency care of patients with acute dyspnea. : – An overviewsingstrand, carolin, Larsson, Sandra January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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The effects of NOX2 and NOX4 inhibitors on panc-1 cell viabilitySielinou Kamgang, Karl-Hermann January 2020 (has links)
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide and has a low survival rate 1 year after diagnosis. It is therfore important to identify new biomarkers and treatments to improve disease outcome. This experiment investigated the effects of different NOX2 and NOX4 inhibitors on Panc-1 cell lines. Following 48 hours treatment, Cell viability analysis, Caspase 3/7 as well as ROS levels where measured to see how these factors were affected by the treatments. As the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways, as well as G6PD and VEGF have been shown to influence cancer metastasis and invasiveness, a gene expression analysis (VEGF, G6PD, AKT2, ERK2) was also conducted. Results obtained showed a general decrease in cell viability with increasing concentrations of inhibitors used. While a general increase in Caspase 3/7 activity was observed, M166-0.6μM treatment showed decreased Caspase 3/7 activity, suggesting that other non-apoptotic cell death pathways such as necrosis could have been at play. A general increase in ROS activity was also observed and unexpected. Gene expression showed an increase in G6PD activity which could mean, the cancer cells increased antioxidant system activity to achieve redox balance due to the increased ROS levels. Some results obtained where unexpected and make it difficult to conclude how the treatments decreased cell viability. The results also suggest that other currently unknown mechanisms were at play in influencing cell viability. Most importantly, the results show that completely inhibiting NOX2 and NOX4 lead to the most significant decrease in cell viability.
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Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the differential secretion of interleukins 1*/18 possibly linked to pyroptosis in THP-1 cellsDamiani, Jana January 2020 (has links)
Organisms are constantly exposed to microorganisms, some of which can cause disease, and yet, sickness only rarely occurs. Upon infection, the immune system is mobilized to eliminate the threat and re-establish homeostasis. The innate immune system, or “first line of defense”, is responsible for detecting infection and subsequently initiating inflammation. An important mediator of this process is the NLRP3 inflammasome, a molecular hub that coordinates the propagation of the immune response. Specifically, through the secretion of interleukins 1 and 18. These structurally related proteins are known to be secreted via unconventional pathways, however, the specificity of this matter remains inconclusive. One form of secretion suggested was “pyroptosis”, a form of cell death intended to enhance inflammation. The aim of this project was to quantify the secretion of structurally related interleukins-1/18 and evaluate the possible correlation with cell death over time. Samples were collected, interleukin release was quantified using sandwich ELISA and cell viability of stimulated cells was measured using the PrestoBlue assay. During prolonged inflammasome activation, IL-1 and IL-18 showed differences in their patterns of secretion and regulation. IL-1 was eventually downregulated whilst IL-18 maintained a constant increase over time. Strikingly, cell viability remained unchanged over the course of the experiment, demonstrating that pyroptosis is dispensable to the secretion of interleukins 1 and 18. Ultimately, the study of the relationship shared between these processes not only explains how immunity is founded, but also, uncovers the truths behind pathogenesis, how to prevent it and potentially find a cure for certain diseases.
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