High-school students are less interested in science then before. Despite importance of science for our life and for description of nature around us, students lose motivation for studying it. The approach of teacher is critical for focusing students' attention. Lessons should be based on linking of the education with daily-life and biology provides plenty of possibilities to achieve the goal, especially employing hand-on education, practical examples and exercises. One of the most effective way to show the beauty and a complexity of organism structure is by using microscopes. Many different techniques have been used to prepare education materials - picture, videos or whole movies from micro-word. Nevertheless, a classical optical microscopy is by far the most common training activity during the practical courses. An evaluation of this education aspects is, therefore, critical for further method development. This diploma thesis is focused on establishing of evaluation techniques and subsequent analysis of the current state of students' microscopy skills. First of all, the elementary set of knowledge and the correct microscopy work-flow were established in collaboration with eleven experienced teachers. Based on these results, two types of surveys were designed. One of them was dedicated to teachers...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaSC_Capa_ate_pag20.pdf: 8557858 bytes, checksum: 72fd9a66eb38d52692df7e1baf0e2507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-10 / During a petroleum well production process, It is common the slmultaneous oil and water production, in proportion that can vary from 0% up to values close to 100% of water. Moreover, the production flows can vary a lot, depending on the charaeteristies of eaeh reservoir. Thus being, the meters used in field for the flow and BSW (water in the oil) measurement must work well in wide bands of operation. For the evaluation of the operation of these meters, in the different operation conditions, a Laboratory will be built in UFRN, that has for objective to evaluate in an automatic way the processes of flow and BSW petroleum measurement, considering different operation conditions. The good acting of these meters is fundamental for the accuracy of the measures of the volumes of production liquid and rude of petroleum. For the measurement of this production, the petroleum companies use meters that should indicate the values with tha largast possible accuracy and to respect a series of conditions and minimum requirements, estabelished by the united Entrance ANP/INMETRO 19106/2000. The laboratory of Evafuation of the Processes of Measurement of Flow and BSW to be built will possess an oil tank basically, a tank of water, besides a mixer, a tank auditor, a tank for separation and a tank of residues for discard of fluids, fundamental for the evaluation of the flow metars and BSW. The whole process will be automated through the use of a Programmable Logicat Controller (CLP) and of a supervisory system.This laboratory besides allowing the evaluation of flow meters and BSW used by petroleum companies, it will make possible the development of researches related to the automation. Besides, it will be a collaborating element to the development of the Computer Engineering and Automation Department, that it will propitiate the evolution of the faculty and discente, qualifying them for a job market in continuous growth. The present work describes the project of automation of the laboratory that will be built at of UFRN. The system will be automated using a Programmable Logical Controller and a supervisory system. The programming of PLC and the screens of the supervisory system were developed in this work / Durante o processo de produ??o de um po?o de petr?teo ? comum a produ??o simult?nea de ?gua e ?leo em propor??o que variam de 0% a valores pr?ximos de 100% de ?gua. Al?m disso, as vaz?es de produ??o podem variar muito dependendo das caracter?sticas de cada reservat?rio petrol?fero. Assimsendo,os medidores utilizados em campo, para a medi??o de vaz?o e BSW (?gua no ?leo) devem funcionar bem em larga faixas de opera??o. Para a avalia??o do funcionamento destes medidores, nas diferentes condi??es de opera??o, ser? construido um Laborat?rio na UFRN, que tem por objetivo avaliar de forma autom?tica os processos de medi??o de vaz?o e BSW do petr?leo, considerando diferentes condi??es de opera??o. O bom desempenho destes medidores ? fundamental para a exatid?o das medidas dos volumes de produ??o l?quido e bruto de petr?leo. Para a medi??o desta produ??o as empresas do setor de petr?leo utilizam medidores que devem indicar os valores com a maior exatid?o poss?vel e respeitar uma s?rie de condi??es e requisitos minimos, estabelecidos pela Portaria conjunta ANP/INMETRO de 19/06/2000, [12]. O laborat?rio de Avalia??o dos Processos de Medi??o de Vaz?o e BSW a ser construido possuir? basicamente um tanque de ?leo, um tanque de ?gua, al?m de um misturador, um tanque auditor, um tratador para separa??o e um tanque de res?duos para descarte de fluidos, fundamentais para a avalia??o dos medidores de vaz?o e BSW . Todo o processo ser? automatizado atrav?s do uso de um Controlador L?gico Program?vel (CLP) e de um sistema supervis?rio. Este laborat?rio al?m de permitir a avalia??o de medidores de vaz?o e BSW uti1izado por empresas produtoras de petr?leo, possibilitar? o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas ? automa??o. Al?m disso, ser? um elemento colaborador ao desenvolvimento do Departamento de Engenharia de Computa??o e Automa??o, que propiciar? a evolu??odo corpo docente e discente, t?cnica e profissionalmente, capacitando-os para um mercado de trabalho em cont?nuo crescimento. O presente trabalho descreve o projeto de automa??o do laborat?do, que ser? construido no campus universit?rio da UFRN. O sistema ser? automatizado com o uso de um Controlador l?gico Program?vel e um sistema superv?s?rio. A programa??o do CLP e as telas do supervis?rio foram desenvolvidas neste trabalho