Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Joel DeRouchey / Jason Woodworth / Two experiments using a total of 646 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of increasing phytase on nursery pig growth performance and bone ash characteristics. Two experiments using a total of 821 sows were used to determine the impact of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) in lactating sows. Experiment 1 determined the available phosphorus (aP) release of Natuphos E 5,000 G phytase in nursery pigs. Increasing phytase from 0 to 1,000 FTU/kg in phosphorus deficient diets improved nursery pig performance and bone ash characteristics. Using percentage bone ash and formulated phytase concentrations, an equation was developed to predict aP release up to 1,000 FTU/kg of Natuphos E phytase. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the effect of Superdosing Natuphos E 5,000 G phytase on nursery pig performance and bone ash characteristics. Increasing phytase in diets marginal in P improved pig performance and bone ash values. Increasing phytase in P sufficient diets improved bone ash percent and tended to improve feed efficiency. Experiments 3 and 4 determined the impacts of increasing SID Lys in primiparous and multiparous lactating sows and their litters. In Exp. 3, increasing SID Lys above 0.80% in primiparous sows decreased backfat loss, but had no effect on sow BW loss, ADFI or litter gain. Conception rate at d 30 and percentage born alive tended to improve at 0.95% SID Lys. In Exp. 4 with mixed parity sows, increasing SID Lys to 1.05% increased sow weaning BW, litter gain, and reduced weight loss in lactation. Sow backfat loss increased as SID Lys increased from 0.75 to 1.20%, however loin eye depth loss was reduced as SID Lys increased. Percentage of females bred by d 7 after weaning was improved in primiparous females with increasing SID Lys, however no difference was observed in multiparous sows.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 397158 bytes, checksum: 754a98044682f177974eea62b2c01fb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / An experiment was realized with the objective of study the welfare and the behavior of sows housed in different types of maternity for 28 days in the summer. The matrices of different parturition of orders were distributed in a completely randomized design randomly into three treatments and ten replicates, each animal was considered the experimental unit. Treatment one (T1) was corresponded to the conventional maternity with shelter in creep and birth cage; treatment two (T2) was corresponded to conventional maternity with shelter in creep and birth cage; with the cooling of the floor in the containment of sow and treatment three (T3) was relevant to maternity alternative, and no cage parturition with shelter in creep, allowing it access to sows and piglets to the paddocks. During pregnancy the matrices consumed 3,0 kg of feed per day and in the lactation the intake was ad libitum. The sows and their litters were weighed at birth, 21 and 28 days, which was the weaning. The animals were filmed at seven, 14, 21 and 27 days for 24 hours. The maximum and minimum temperatures were above the zone of comfort. All variables were evaluated by analysis of variance using the SAS program and the F test at 10% probability, being the "number of piglets used as a covariate. In relation to frequency in feeder, the T3 trip showed lower raid (P≤0.10) compared to T1. The fact that the T2 present more frequently (P≤0.10) for the trip feeder is connected to consume these diets throughout the day which is related to better index of welfare. The T1 presented (P≤0.10) more time in other positions and higher frequency the visit to the fountain being indicative of higher degree of stress, directing the anomalous behavior in relation to other treatments. There was no effect (P≥0.10) of treatments on average daily feed intake on the intake of digestible lysine and metabolizable energy, protein and fat body at 21 and 28 days, but the intakes of lysine treatment attended the value minimum of 46 g/day for sows providing similar performance. The treatments affected the physiological parameters and the T2 and T3 showed the better index of welfare. As far as the 21 to 28 days to better energy efficiency was in T2 and T3 in relation to T1. Thus it is concluded that the cooling of the floor of maternity in the summer offers better conditions of welfare and improved energy efficiency in the production of piglets during lactation when compared to conventional maternity and maternity with access to the paddock provide better conditions of welfare and better energy efficiency in the production of piglets during the lactation period in the summer that conventional maternity. / Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de estudar o bem-estar e o comportamento de porcas lactantes alojadas em diferentes tipos de maternidade por 28 dias no verão. As matrizes de diversas ordens de parto foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e dez repetições; sendo que cada a porca com sua leitegada foi considerado a unidade experimental. O tratamento um (T1) foi correspondente á maternidade convencional com abrigo escamoteador e cela parideira; o tratamento dois (T2) correspondeu á maternidade convencional com abrigo escamoteador e cela parideira com o resfriamento do piso na parte de contenção da porca e o tratamento três (T3) foi correspondente à maternidade alternativa, sem cela parideira e com abrigo escamoteador, permitindo-se o acesso das porcas e dos leitões aos piquetes. Durante a gestação as matrizes consumiram 3,0kg de ração por dia e na lactação o consumo foi à vontade. As porcas e suas leitegadas foram pesadas ao parto, 21 e 28 dias, quando também foi realizado o desmame. Os animais foram filmados aos sete, 14, 21 e 27 dias por 24 horas. As temperaturas máximas e mínimas apresentaram-se acima da zona de conforto. Todas as variáveis obtidas foram avaliadas por meio de análises de variância utilizando-se o programa SAS e o teste F ao nível de 10% de probabilidade, sendo o número de leitões utilizado como covariável. Em relação à frequência no comedouro, os animais do T3 apresentaram (P≤0,10) menor incursão em relação ao T1. O fato das porcas do T2 apresentar (P≤0,10) maior frequência de visita ao comedouro está ligado a estas consumirem ração durante todo o dia, sendo este relacionado à melhor índice de bem-estar. Os animais do T1 apresentaram (P≤0,10) maior tempo em outras posições e maior frequência de visita ao bebedouro, sendo indicativo de maior grau de estresse direcionado a maior presença de comportamentos anômalos em relação aos demais tratamentos. Não houve efeito (P≥0,10) dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração médio diário, sobre o consumo de lisina digestível e energia metabolizável, assim como sobre o consumo de proteína e gordura corporal aos 21 e 28 dias, porém os consumos de lisina nos tratamentos atenderam ao valor mínimo de 46 g/dia proporcionando desempenho semelhante. Nesse mesmo sentido, não houve diferença (P≥0,10) em relação aos dados de desempenho das porcas e de suas leitegadas nos diversos tratamentos; com exceção da variação do peso das porcas (P≤0,10). Os tratamentos influenciaram os parâmetros fisiológicos e o T2 e T3 apresentaram melhores índices de bem-estar em relação ao T1. Tanto aos 21 como aos 28 dias, a melhor eficiência energética se deu no T2 e no T3. Assim, conclui-se que o resfriamento do piso da maternidade no verão proporciona melhores condições de bem-estar e melhor eficiência energética no processo de produção de leitões durante a lactação quando comparada a maternidades convencionais e que maternidades com acesso à piquetes proporcionam melhores condições de bem-estar e maior eficiência energética na produção de leitões durante a fase de lactação no período de verão que maternidades convencionais.