Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T14:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-18T14:38:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T14:38:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Para tratamento de esgotos dom?sticos lagoas de estabiliza??o possuem importantes vantagens, como elevada efici?ncia na remo??o de mat?ria org?nica e organismos patog?nicos, n?o utiliza??o de energia el?trica e facilidade operacional, principalmente em regi?es de clima tropical. Por outro lado, uma de suas desvantagens ? a elevada concentra??o de s?lidos suspensos, principalmente devido a biomassa algal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efici?ncia de remo??o da flota??o por ar dissolvido (FAD) no p?s-tratamento de efluentes de lagoas de estabiliza??o. Para os ensaios com a FAD (coagula??o-flocula??o-flota??o) foi utilizado um flotateste de bancada. Foi planejado um delineamento experimental tipo fatorial aleat?rio, utilizando o crit?rio ka-1, em que k ? o n?mero de n?veis (k=3: menor, central, maior) e a ? o n?mero de fatores (a=4: dose de coagulante, taxa de recircula??o de ?gua saturada, pH e tempo de flocula??o), com ensaios realizados em triplicata, para os coagulantes policloreto de alum?nio e cloreto f?rrico em efluente de lagoas de facultativa prim?ria e lagoa de matura??o. As amostras do efluente da lagoa facultativa e efluente final da ETE Ponta Negra (Natal) foram coletadas semanalmente, no per?odo da manh?. As seguintes vari?veis foram avaliadas nos efluentes brutos e ap?s os ensaios com FAD: turbidez, s?lidos suspensos totais, cor aparente, DQO, clorofila ?a?, fosforo total, ortofosfato sol?vel e nitrog?nio amoniacal e org?nico. A vari?vel operacional com maior influ?ncia na remo??o as vari?veis avaliadas foi a dose de coagulante para o coagulante PAC e para o coagulante cloreto f?rrico a maior influ?ncia na remo??o das vari?veis foi o pH seguido da dosagem de coagulante. A partir da dosagem otimizada as remo??es nos par?metros analisados atingiram valores entre 66% e 97%. O p?s-tratamento na lagoa facultativa obteve o maior percentual de remo??o nas vari?veis analisadas para os dois coagulantes, assim como o cloreto f?rrico obtive maiores percentuais de remo??o em todas as situa??es. / For treatment of wastewater stabilization ponds have important advantages, such as high efficiency in removing organic matter and pathogens, non-use of electricity and operational ease, especially in tropical regions. On the other hand, one of its disadvantages is the high concentration of suspended solids, mostly due to algal biomass. The objective of this research was to evaluate the removal efficiency flotation by dissolved air (FAD) in the post-treatment stabilization ponds effluent. For tests with the FAD (coagulation-flocculation-flotation) we used a bench flotateste. a random factorial experimental design was planned using the ka-1 criterion, where k is the number of levels (k = 3: low, middle, major) and a is the number of factors (a = 4: coagulant dose saturated, water recirculation rate, pH and flocculation time) with assays performed in triplicate for the coagulant polyaluminium chloride, ferric chloride effluent primary facultative lagoons and maturation pond. Samples of the effluent from the facultative pond and final effluent from the WWTP Ponta Negra (Natal) were collected weekly in the morning. The following variables were evaluated in the raw wastewater and after the tests with FAD: turbidity, total suspended solids, apparent color, COD, chlorophyll "a", total phosphorus, orthophosphate soluble and ammonia and organic nitrogen. The operational variable with higher influence on the removal variables was evaluated coagulant dose for the PAC coagulant and the coagulant ferric chloride to remove the greatest influence variable was the pH followed by coagulant dosage. From the optimized dosage removals in the analyzed parameters reached values between 66% and 97%. The post-treatment in the facultative pond had the highest percentage removal in variables for the two coagulants, and ferric chloride got higher removal percentages in all situations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigianneDCS_DISSET.pdf: 2777562 bytes, checksum: 699ad396b1a2d174d06a78ebb268c3b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / Stabilization pond is the most used sewage treatment system in the country, corresponding to approximately 90% of all systems. The systems evaluated were stabilization ponds system of sewage treatment in the city of Natal / RN. This research aimed to analyze the possible uses through physical-chemical and bacteriological of these final effluent ponds for urban uses depending on the characteristics after passage around the treatment system. The parameters used were chosen according to those established by Chernicharo et al. (2006), in order to characterize the effluent. The parameters evaluated were: DO, temperature, pH, conductivity, organic nitrogen, ammonia, NTK, total phosphorus, and series of solid fecal coliforms. Generally, the characteristics of the effluent followed variability found in the literature. The results showed an efficiency that is technically feasible to use the effluent end of some of STPs analyzed when checked parameters alone, if fitting in unrestricted urban use, restricted use and urban land use / Lagoa de estabiliza??o ? o sistema de tratamento de esgoto mais utilizado no pa?s, correspondendo a cerca de 90% de todos os sistemas. Os sistemas avaliados s?o do tipo lagoas de estabiliza??o integrantes do sistema de tratamento de esgoto da cidade de Natal/RN. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os poss?veis usos atrav?s de caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e bacteriol?gicas dos efluentes finais dessas lagoas para usos urbanos ? depender de suas caracter?sticas ap?s passagem por todo o sistema de tratamento. Os par?metros adotados foram escolhidos de acordo com os estabelecidos por Chernicharo et al. (2006), de modo a caracterizar o efluente. Os par?metros avaliados foram: OD, temperatura, pH, condutividade, nitrog?nio org?nico, am?nia, NTK, f?sforo total, s?rie de s?lidos e coliformes fecais. De forma geral, as caracter?sticas do efluente acompanharam a variabilidade encontrada na literatura. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que h? viabilidade t?cnica para utiliza??o dos efluentes finais de algumas das ETE analisadas, quando verificados par?metros isoladamente, se enquadrando no uso urbano irrestrito, uso urbano restrito e uso predial

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroASF.pdf: 2737700 bytes, checksum: d21b042ed827c2fb029870f975f7fdcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-07 / This work intends to develop an approach based through scientific criteria in the operational diagnosis of ponds of stabilization, starting from analyses accomplished in loco and in laboratory of 78 systems of sewer treatment through ponds of stabilization in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The objectives of the research are: to map, to evaluate and to diagnose the operational acting of the ponds of stabilization of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, through visits in loco and analyses laboratory; to build a SIG, through the map rain, locate the points of releases of sewages of the systems of existent ponds in Rio Grande do Norte, as well as operational data and his/her respective efficiency diagnosis in the removal of BOD and Coliforms Termotolerantes; to evaluate, in real scale, three systems of ponds of stabilization of RN in the operational efficiency for the parameters BOD5, COD, pH, Temperature, OD and Coliforms Termotolerantes. Of 78 ETEs of appraised RN just, 9% or 7 had maximum concepts in what concerns the removal of BOD and Coliforms Termotolerantes and 41% or 32, they had the worst concepts in term of operational efficiency. The flowing concentrations ETEs of RN of BOD and Coliforms were of 410mg/L and 2,50x107UFC/100ml, the predominant configuration is of the type F1+M1+M2, the relationship BOD/COD revealed for the sewer tributary characteristic biodegradable high. For the study of case of 3 ETEs, the best operational efficiencies in decreasing order were: Cidade (Municipal district), it Ro?a (State) and S?o Miguel (SAAE). The removals of final BOD were 51,6mg/L; 108,27mg/L and 62,6mg/L, tends efficiency of 82%; 74% and 81%. In term of coliforms removal in the final effluentes were 1,90x103UFC/100ml; 1,50x104UFC/100ml and 3,10x104UFC/100ml, tends efficiencies of 99,99%; 99,95% and 99,90%. In what it concerns the practice of agricultural re?so of cultures consumed raw, none of 3 ETEs assisted the parameters of the Resolution CONAMA 357/05, for other re?so practices, all assisted the categories B and C of OMS. For release in body receiving ETE Cidade just, they assist the demands of the resolution of CONAMA 357/05, by study of purification solemnity of the receiving body. The maintenance lack and operation; exclusive operator in ETEs and operation knowledge was the contributory factors for the operational fall in appraised ETEs of RN / Este trabalho se prop?e a desenvolver uma abordagem fundamentada atrav?s de crit?rios cient?ficos no diagn?stico operacional de lagoas de estabiliza??o, a partir de an?lises realizadas in loco e em laborat?rio de 78 sistemas de tratamento de esgoto por meio de lagoas de estabiliza??o no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Os objetivos da pesquisa s?o: mapear, avaliar e diagnosticar o desempenho operacional das lagoas de estabiliza??o do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, atrav?s de visitas in loco e an?lises laboratoriais; construir um SIG, atrav?s do mapa hidrogr?fico, locar os pontos de lan?amentos de efluentes dos sistemas de lagoas existentes no Rio Grande do Norte, como tamb?m dados operacionais e seu respectivo diagn?stico de efici?ncia na remo??o de DBO e Coliformes Termotolerantes; avaliar, em escala real, tr?s sistemas de lagoas de estabiliza??o do RN na efici?ncia operacional para os par?metros DBO5, DQO, pH, Temperatura, OD e Coliformes Termotolerantes. Das 78 ETEs do RN avaliadas apenas, 7 lagoas correspondente a 9%, tiveram conceito: Bom, que concerne a remo??o de DBO e Coliformes Termotolerantes e 32 lagoas correspondente a 41%, tiveram conceito: Ruim, em termo de efici?ncia operacional, para os par?metros de DBO e Coliformes Termotolerantes. As concentra??es m?dias afluentes as ETEs do RN de DBO e Coliformes foram de 410mg/L e 2,50x107UFC/100ml, a configura??o predominante ? do tipo F1+M1+M2 (Facultativa prim?ria, seguida por duas lagoas de matura??o, uma prim?ria e outra secund?ria) , a rela??o DBO/DQO revelou para o esgoto afluente caracter?sticas biodegrad?veis. Para o estudo de caso, envolvendo as 3 ETEs, uma para cada ?rg?o de gest?o, as melhores efici?ncias operacionais em ordem decrescente foram: Cidade (Munic?pio), Ro?a (Estado) e S?o Miguel (SAAE). As remo??es de DBO final foram 51,6mg/L; 108,27mg/L e 62,6mg/L, tendo efici?ncia de 82%; 74% e 81%, respectivamente. Em termo de remo??o de coliformes nos efluentes das ETEs foram 1,90x103UFC/100ml; 1,50x104UFC/100ml e 3,10x104UFC/100ml, tendo efici?ncias de 99,99%; 99,95% e 99,90%. No que concerne a pr?tica de re?so de culturas consumidas cruas, nenhumas das 3 ETEs atenderam aos par?metros da Resolu??o CONAMA 357/05, para outras pr?ticas de re?so, todas atenderam as categorias B e C da OMS. Para lan?amento em corpo receptor h?drico apenas a ETE Cidade, atende as exig?ncias da resolu??o do CONAMA 357/05, mediante estudo de autodepura??o do corpo receptor. A falta de manuten??o e opera??o; operador exclusivos nas ETEs e conhecimento de opera??o foram os fatores contribuintes para o diminuto quadro de efici?ncia no que concerne a remo??o final de DBO e Coliformes Termotolerantes nas ETEs avaliadas do RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaGracyRM.pdf: 2168953 bytes, checksum: c493025d0ce540e9abdc851f15c87e7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Waste stabilization ponds (WSP) have been widely used for sewage treatment in hot climate regions because they are economic and environmentally sustainable. In the present study a WSP complex comprising a primary facultative pond (PFP) followed by two maturation ponds (MP-1 and MP-2) was studied, in the city of Natal-RN. The main objective was to study the bio-degradability of organic matter through the determination of the kinetic constant k throughout the system. The work was carried out in two phases. In the first, the variability in BOD, COD and TOC concentrations and an analysis of the relations between these parameters, in the influent raw sewage, pond effluents and in specific areas inside the ponds was studied. In the second stage, the decay rate for organic matter (k) was determined throughout the system based on BOD tests on the influent sewage, pond effluents and water column samples taken from fixed locations within the ponds, using the mathematical methods of Least Squares and the Thomas equation. Subsequently k was estimated as a function of a hydrodynamic model determined from the dispersion number (d), using empirical methods and a Partial Hydrodynamic Evaluation (PHE), obtained from tracer studies in a section of the primary facultative pond corresponding to 10% of its total length. The concentrations of biodegradable organic matter, measured as BOD and COD, gradually reduced through the series of ponds, giving overall removal efficiencies of 71.95% for BOD and of 52.45% for COD. Determining the values for k, in the influent and effluent samples of the ponds using the mathematical method of Least Squares, gave the following values respectively: primary facultative pond (0,23 day-1 and 0,09 day-1), maturation 1 (0,04 day-1 and 0,03 day-1) and maturation 2 (0,03 day-1 and 0,08 day-1). When using the Thomas method, the values of k in the influents and effluents of the ponds were: primary facultative pond (0,17 day-1 and 0,07 day-1), maturation 1 (0,02 day-1 and 0,01 day-1) and maturation 2 (0,01 day-1 and 0,02 day-1). From the Partial Hydrodynamic Evaluation, in the first section of the facultative pond corresponding to 10% of its total length, it can be concluded from the dispersion number obtained of d = 0.04, that the hydraulic regime is one of dispersed flow with a kinetic constant value of 0.20 day-1 / Lagoas de estabiliza??o t?m sido utilizadas para tratamento de efluentes em regi?es de clima quentes apresentando viabilidade econ?mica e ambiental. No presente trabalho foi estudado um sistema de lagoas de estabiliza??o, na cidade do Natal, constitu?do por uma lagoa facultativa prim?ria (LFP) seguida de duas lagoas de matura??o (LM1 e LM2) e tem como objetivo o estudo da biodegradabilidade da mat?ria org?nica atrav?s da determina??o da constante cin?tica k ao longo deste sistema. O trabalho foi baseado em duas etapas: na primeira foi estudada a variabilidade da concentra??o da DBO, DQO e COT e an?lise das rela??es entre esses par?metros, no afluente, efluente e em ?reas dentro das lagoas. Na segunda etapa foi determinada a constante de biodegrada??o da mat?ria org?nica k inicialmente ao longo do sistema (afluentes, ?reas e efluentes), utilizando os m?todos matem?ticos dos M?nimos Quadrados e Thomas. Em seguida, k foi avaliado em fun??o do modelo hidrodin?mico determinado atrav?s do n?mero de dispers?o (d), pelos m?todos emp?ricos e pela Avalia??o Parcial Hidrodin?mica (APH), realizada por meio de tra?agem na lagoa facultativa prim?ria, em uma faixa correspondente a 10 % do comprimento total da lagoa. Na avalia??o dos par?metros analisados, durante o monitoramento, as concentra??es da mat?ria org?nica biodegrad?vel, medida pela DBO e DQO, foram, gradativamente, reduzidas entre os afluentes e efluentes do sistema, apresentando uma efici?ncia 71,95 % para DBO e de 52,45 % para DQO. Na determina??o da constante cin?tica k, pelos m?todos matem?ticos, considerando o M?todo dos m?nimos quadrados, temos os seguintes valores de k no afluente e efluente das lagoas: facultativa prim?ria (0,23 dia-1 e 0,09 dia-1), matura??o 1 (0,04 dia-1 e 0,03 dia-1) e matura??o 2 (0,03 dia-1 e 0,08 dia-1) e pelo m?todo de Thomas os valores de k no afluente e efluente das lagoas s?o: facultativa prim?ria (0,17 dia-1 e 0,07 dia-1), matura??o 1 (0,02 dia-1 e 0,01 dia-1) e matura??o 2 (0,01 dia-1 e 0,02 dia-1). Atrav?s da Avalia??o Parcial Hidrodin?mica, na faixa correspondente a 10% do comprimento total da lagoa facultativa prim?ria, pode-se concluir que, pelo numero de dispers?o encontrado (d = 0,04) o escoamento ? do tipo disperso e a constante cin?tica apresenta um valor de 0,20 dia-1