Spelling suggestions: "subject:"make sediments"" "subject:"make pediments""
71 |
Benthic bacterial production in Eastern Townships and Laurentian lakesSander, Bettina Christa January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
|
72 |
Geophysical investigations of subglacial lakes Vostok and Concordia, East AntarcticaFilina, Irina, 1974- 28 August 2008 (has links)
The subjects for this study are two subglacial lakes -- Vostok and Concordia -- located in East Antarctica. Lake Vostok is the largest known subglacial lake on Earth. Melting and freezing at the ice-water contact are known to occur in both lakes. These internal processes are important subjects for numerical modeling. The precise knowledge of the lake's bathymetry and the distribution of unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of the lake are required boundary conditions for such modeling. The ultimate goal of this research was to develop 3D bathymetry models and to establish the distribution of unconsolidated sediments for both lakes. Joint interpretation of airborne gravity and seismic data was performed for Lake Vostok, revealing that the lake is hosted by consolidated sedimentary rocks. The modeling shows that Lake Vostok consists of two sub-basins: a larger, deeper one with water thickness exceeding 1000 m in the south and a shallower one with a water thickness of about 250 m in the north. The resulting 3D model has a substantially better correlation with seismic data than two previous models. Lake Concordia appears to be significantly shallower with water thicknesses not exceeding 200 m for all possible host rock densities. Since the lake is relatively shallow, the sediment layer cannot be resolved. A similar pattern of freezing and melting was observed in Lake Concordia and Lake Vostok: the deeper part of the lake lies under thinner ice and is dominated by the freezing of water at the ice bottom, while in the shallower part of the lake the overlying thicker ice melts. The analysis of seismic data in four different locations over Lake Vostok revealed the presence of unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of the lake. The sedimentary layer appears to be thicker (up to 400 m) in the northern basin, while its thickness does not exceed 300 m in the southern one. Four different sedimentation mechanisms were considered to explain how such a thick sedimentary layer was deposited in Lake Vostok under glacial conditions. The estimates show that none of the mechanisms considered is capable of depositing the observed sedimentary layer, revealing the pre-glacial origin of Lake Vostok.
|
73 |
Geomagnetic secular variation as recorded in British lake sediments and its application to archaeomagnetic studiesClelland, Sarah-Jane, Batt, Catherine M. January 2012 (has links)
Lake sediments can play an important role in understanding and reconstructing temporal characteristics of the geomagnetic field, as they potentially offer near continuous high-resolution archives of magnetic information extending throughout the Holocene. To date lake sediment geomagnetic data has typically been excluded from British archaeomagnetic secular variation curves (SVC) due to uncertainties with the acquisition of magnetisation by lake sediments. This paper presents the argument that, with regards to British datasets, the real problem lies with poor chronological control and sets out to illustrate that with British archaeomagnetic data some progress has been made. The results indicate that it is not currently possible to resolve secular variation on a time scale of ¿100 years from published British lake sediment data but more success has been made with data from archaeological sediments. This level of detail has been considered necessary for the incorporation of lake sediment data into the British archaeomagnetic dataset, as the ability to resolve short-term geomagnetic changes is critical for the integration of any dataset into the British SVC. As the latter is predominantly employed to date archaeological architecture and artefacts requires that it has the ability to resolve changes over timescales relevant to human lifetimes. Using currently available data this retrospective critique confirms that, in archaeological sediments, depositional and thermoremanent magnetisation can record the same direction over the same time interval.
|
74 |
Climatic Change Causes Abrupt Shifts in Forests, Inferred from a High-resolution Lacustrine Record, Southwestern Quebec, CanadaPaquette, Nathalie 31 October 2012 (has links)
A pollen profile from varved lake sediments sampled at 10-year intervals and spanning the past 1000 years is analyzed to understand the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on forests in southwestern Quebec. The forests responded rapidly to changes in temperature and precipitation during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age as well as to land-use changes associated with the European Settlement of the area. The transition into the Little Ice Age was abrupt and had significant impact on the pollen production within a couple of decades. A synthesis of this record with other high-resolution and well-dated pollen data from the conifer-hardwood forest of eastern North America shows consistent results across the whole area, indicating that very-high resolution pollen data can provide insight into multi-decadal climate variability and its impact on forest vegetation. Tree-ring records from the region show inter-annual fluctuations not always consistent between sites, while high-resolution pollen data record multi-decadal to century changes which enable us to interpret climatic effects on plant communities.
|
75 |
A 7500-Year Paleolimnological Record of Environmental Change and Salmon Abundance in the Oregon Coast RangeKusler, Jennifer, Kusler, Jennifer January 2012 (has links)
Pacific salmon
|
76 |
Characterizing the Fate and Mobility of Phosphorus in Utah Lake SedimentsRandall, Matthew Chambers 01 August 2017 (has links)
An increasing number of lakes worldwide are impacted by eutrophication and harmful algal blooms due to nutrient inputs. Utah Lake is a unique eutrophic freshwater lake that is naturally shallow, turbid, and alkaline with high dissolved oxygen levels. Recently, the Utah Division of Water Quality has proposed a new limitation of phosphorus (P) loading to Utah Lake from wastewater treatment plants in an effort to mitigate eutrophication. However, reducing external P loads may not lead to immediate improvements in water quality due to the legacy pool of nutrients in lake sediments. The purpose of this study was to characterize the fate and mobility of P in Utah Lake sediments to better understand P cycling in this unique system. We analyzed P speciation, mineralogy, and binding capacity in lake sediment samples collected from 15 locations across Utah Lake. P concentrations in sediment ranged from 306 to 1894 ppm, with highest concentrations in Provo Bay near the major metropolitan area. Sequential leach tests indicate that ~25-50% of P is associated with Ca (CaCO3/ Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl)2 ≈ P) and 40-60% is associated with Fe (Fe(OOH) ≈ P). Ca-associated P was confirmed by SEM images, which showed the highest P concentrations correlating with Ca (carbonate minerals/apatite). The Ca-associated P fraction is likely immobile, but the Fe-bound P is potentially bioavailable under changing redox conditions. Batch sorption results indicate that lake sediments have a high capacity to absorb and remove P from the water column, with an average uptake of 70-96% removal over the range of 1-10 mg/L P. Mineral precipitation and sorption to bottom sediments is an efficient removal mechanism of P in Utah Lake, but a significant portion of P may be temporarily available for resuspension and cycling in surface waters. Mitigating lake eutrophication is a complex problem that goes beyond decreasing external nutrient loads to the water body and requires a better understanding in-lake P cycling.
|
77 |
Sedimentation in the Coorong lagoon, South Australia / by Raymond George Brown.Brown, Raymond George January 1965 (has links)
"September 1965." / Includes bibliographical references. / 223 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. + maps in the end pocket / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, 1967
|
78 |
Spatial Variation in Organic Carbon and Stable Isotope Composition of Lake Sediments at Laguna Zoncho, Costa RicaTaylor, Zachary P 01 May 2011 (has links)
Lake sediments are valuable paleoenvironmental archives that provide information on past climate and land-use change. Most lake sediment studies rely on a single core, usually recovered from the center of a lake, and do not consider spatial variability in the lake basin. My dissertation presents a spatially-explicit record of prehistoric agriculture from Laguna Zoncho, Costa Rica and evaluates spatial variability in lake sediment proxies based on a network of five sediment cores. Results extend earlier proxy analyses of a single core collected near the center of the lake, which documented prehistoric agriculture and forest clearance from 3000 to about 500 years ago, followed by strong forest recovery at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Analyses of the new suite of cores show that agricultural activities increased erosion in the watershed, which lowered organic content from 16% to 5%, and resulted in a shift in bulk sediment stable carbon isotope values from –27 ‰ to –23 ‰ VPDB due to forest clearance. Agriculture made the lake slightly more productive, shown by a decrease in carbon/nitrogen ratios from 16 to 13 and an increase in stable nitrogen ratios from 1 to 3 ‰. Basinwide trends in organic matter and stable carbon isotopes ratios show two distinct periods of agricultural decline (1150–960 and 840–650 cal yr BP) that coincide with intervals of drought detected in regional paleoclimate records. This finding suggests that climate change, not the Spanish Conquest, was the driving force of site abandonment at Laguna Zoncho, and by extension throughout the region.
Inter-core variability in proxies for agricultural activity reveals that crop cultivation may have continued longer in some portions of the watershed, and highlights the influence of sediment-focusing processes on proxy signatures of agriculture in lake basins. Maize pollen concentrations in the sediment cores did not correspond to geochemical and isotopic agricultural indicators, suggesting a need for caution in using the abundance of maize pollen to infer the scale of agriculture in neotropical watersheds.
|
79 |
Sédimentation lacustre postérieure au Dernier Maximum Glaciaire dans les Lacs Icalma et Puyehue (Chili méridional): Reconstitution de la variabilité climatique et des évènements sismo-tectoniquesBertrand, Sébastien 25 February 2005 (has links)
Dans lhémisphère Sud, les reconstitutions paléoclimatiques à haute résolution sont encore relativement rares. Cette partie du monde joue pourtant un rôle essentiel dans la compréhension des changements climatiques terrestres. Le Sud du Chili étant suffisamment éloigné des calottes glaciaires de lhémisphère Nord et de linfluence de la circulation thermohaline, il constitue une région idéale en vue détudier les changements paléoclimatiques de lhémisphère Sud. Dans ce travail, le remplissage sédimentaire de deux lacs chiliens dorigine glaciaire a été étudié par une analyse multi-paramètres de carottes prélevées lors de lété austral 2002 dans le cadre du projet SSTC ENSO-Chili.
Dans le lac Puyehue (164 km², 40°S, altitude 185 m), la carotte la plus prometteuse a été prélevée au site PU-II, localisé sur un cordon morainique sous-aquatique, dominé par les courants intermédiaires du Rio Golgol. Les sédiments de ce site sont finement laminés et faiblement perturbés par les activités volcanique et sismique.
Premièrement, une carotte courte du site PU-II a été étudiée de manière détaillée en vue de (1) tester différentes techniques de mesure de la densité et du contenu sédimentaire en matière organique et en silice biogénique, et (2) reconstituer les changements climatiques régionaux au cours des 600 dernières années. Plusieurs traceurs ont été utilisés : la granulométrie, la susceptibilité magnétique, la géochimie des éléments majeurs, les concentrations en silice biogénique ainsi que les concentrations et les propriétés géochimiques de la matière organique (C/N, d13C). Ces analyses sont utilisées pour reconstituer les variations de paléoproductivité et de paléoprécipitations aux alentours de 40°S. Les résultats démontrent que, durant les 600 dernières années, les plus forts taux daccumulation massique en particules terrigènes sont enregistrés dans lintervalle 1490 1700 AD. Ce résultat est interprété comme une période humide associée à la mise en place du Petit Age Glaciaire européen (LIA). Les fortes précipitations caractérisant cette période pourraient être la signature locale du LIA. Le LIA serait donc un évènement global qui nest pas restreint à lhémisphère Nord.
Les traceurs sélectionnés ont ensuite été appliqués à une carotte de 11 m de longueur prélevée au site PU-II. Le modèle dâge de cette carotte a été élaboré à partir de 9 datations radiocarbone et prouve que cette séquence sédimentaire couvre la dernière déglaciation et lHolocène. Les résultats démontrent que la granulométrie est hautement corrélée avec le contenu biogénique du sédiment et peut ainsi être utilisée comme traceur de paléoproductivité lacustre. La susceptibilité magnétique quant à elle est fortement corrélée avec les concentrations en aluminium et en titane et constitue un indicateur des apports terrigènes. Les variations temporelles de la composition du sédiment démontrent que, depuis le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire, la Région des Lacs chilienne a été soumise à trois changements climatiques abrupts survenus lors dune évolution climatique à plus long terme. Ces changements climatiques rapides sont : (1) la fin du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire à 17.300 cal. yr. BP ; (2) un évènement froid entre 13.100 et 12.300 cal. yr. BP, caractérisé par une terminaison abrupte et interprété comme léquivalent local de la période froide caractéristique du Dryas Récent et (3) une instabilité climatique à 3400 2900 cal. yr. BP probablement à mettre en relation avec une faible activité solaire. Lâge de lévènement froid à 13.100 12.300 cal. yr. BP est comparé aux datations obtenues sur des enregistrements similaires dans les deux hémisphères. Cette comparaison démontre que lévènement enregistré à Puyehue précède denviron 500 à 1000 ans lévènement froid caractéristique de la période du Dryas Récent dans lhémisphère Nord.
Lenregistrement sédimentaire du lac Icalma (11,65 km², 38°S, altitude 1140 m) est fortement perturbé par les évènements sismiques et volcaniques. Lexistence de particules sédimentaires grossières nous a amenés à développer une méthode de mesure granulométrique combinant diffraction laser et tamisage par voie sèche. Les descriptions macroscopiques, les analyses granulométriques, les profils de susceptibilité magnétique et les résultats minéralogiques ont permis de décrire quatre types de dépôts évènementiels probablement engendrés par des séismes (homogénites, turbidites, slumps et dépôts chaotiques). Ces analyses démontrent également que les turbidites et les homogénites sont engendrées par un mécanisme similaire et que des dépôts texturalement intermédiaires existent. Ils peuvent être regroupés sous le terme turbidite s.l. et, dans ce cas, une homogénite serait léquivalent dune turbidite déposée sous linfluence dun effet de seiche.
La séismite la plus récente décrite dans les sédiments du lac Icalma est un dépôt de slump ubiquiste de 6 cm dépaisseur daté à 1100 AD. Bien que la région ait été affectée par de nombreux séismes de magnitude importante au cours de la période historique (1500 2000 AD), il semble quaucun dentre eux nait engendré une séismite dans le lac Icalma. Daprès les résultats obtenus sur deux carottes longues (8 m), la région dIcalma a été soumise à une importante activité sismo-tectonique entre 3000 et 2200 cal. yr. BP.
|
80 |
Lateglacial to Holocene climatic and environmental changes in Europe : multi-proxy studies on lake sediments along a transect from northern Italy to northeastern PolandLauterbach, Stefan January 2011 (has links)
Sediment records of three European lakes were investigated in order to reconstruct the regional climate development during the Lateglacial and Holocene, to investigate the response of local ecosystems to climatic fluctuations and human impact and to relate regional peculiarities of past climate development to climatic changes on a larger spatial scale.
The Lake Hańcza (NE Poland) sediment record was studied with a focus on reconstructing the early Holocene climate development and identifying possible differences to Western Europe. Following the initial Holocene climatic improvement, a further climatic improvement occurred between 10 000 and 9000 cal. a BP. Apparently, relatively cold and dry climate conditions persisted in NE Poland during the first ca. 1500 years of the Holocene, most likely due to a specific regional atmospheric circulation pattern. Prevailing anticyclonic circulation linked to a high-pressure cell above the remaining Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) might have blocked the eastward propagation of warm and moist Westerlies and thus attenuated the early Holocene climatic amelioration in this region until the final decay of the SIS, a pattern different from climate development in Western Europe.
The Lateglacial sediment record of Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) was investigated in order to study the regional climate development and the environmental response to rapid climatic fluctuations. While the temperature rise and environmental response at the onset of the Holocene took place quasi-synchronously, major leads and lags in proxy responses characterize the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial. In particular, the spread of coniferous woodlands and the reduction of detrital flux lagged the initial Lateglacial warming by ca. 500–750 years. Major cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas took place synchronously with a change in vegetation, while the increase of detrital matter flux was delayed by about 150–300 years. Complex proxy responses are also detected for short-term Lateglacial climatic fluctuations. In summary, periods of abrupt climatic changes are characterized by complex and temporally variable proxy responses, mainly controlled by ecosystem inertia and the environmental preconditions.
A second study on the Lake Mondsee sediment record focused on two small-scale climate deteriorations around 8200 and 9100 cal. a BP, which have been triggered by freshwater discharges to the North Atlantic, causing a shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Combining microscopic varve counting and AMS 14C dating yielded a precise duration estimate (ca. 150 years) and absolute dating of the 8.2 ka cold event, both being in good agreement with results from other palaeoclimate records. Moreover, a sudden temperature overshoot after the 8.2 ka cold event was identified, also seen in other proxy records around the North Atlantic. This was most likely caused by enhanced resumption of the MOC, which also initiated substantial shifts of oceanic and atmospheric front systems. Although there is also evidence from other proxy records for pronounced recovery of the MOC and atmospheric circulation changes after the 9.1 ka cold event, no temperature overshoot is seen in the Lake Mondsee record, indicating the complex behaviour of the global climate system.
The Holocene sediment record of Lake Iseo (northern Italy) was studied to shed light on regional earthquake activity and the influence of climate variability and anthropogenic impact on catchment erosion and detrital flux into the lake. Frequent small-scale detrital layers within the sediments reflect allochthonous sediment supply by extreme surface runoff events. During the early to mid-Holocene, increased detrital flux coincides with periods of cold and wet climate conditions, thus apparently being mainly controlled by climate variability. In contrast, intervals of high detrital flux during the late Holocene partly also correlate with phases of increased human impact, reflecting the complex influences on catchment erosion processes. Five large-scale event layers within the sediments, which are composed of mass-wasting deposits and turbidites, are supposed to have been triggered by strong local earthquakes. While the uppermost of these event layers is assigned to a documented adjacent earthquake in AD 1222, the four other layers are supposed to be related to previously undocumented prehistorical earthquakes. / Sedimente aus drei europäischen Seen wurden untersucht um die regionale Klimaentwicklung während des Spätglazials und Holozäns und die Reaktion der Ökosysteme auf Klimaschwankungen und menschlichen Einfluss zu rekonstruieren sowie die regionalen Besonderheiten der spätquartären Klimaveränderungen in einen überregionalen Kontext zu setzen.
Die Sedimente des Jezioro Hańcza (Nordostpolen) wurden im Hinblick auf die frühholozäne Klimaentwicklung und die Identifikation möglicher Unterschiede gegenüber Westeuropa untersucht. Im Anschluss an die Erwärmung zu Beginn des Holozäns konnte eine weitere Verbesserung der Klimabedingungen zwischen 10 000 und 9000 Jahren vor heute nachgewiesen werden. Offensichtlich herrschten in Nordostpolen während der ersten 1500 Jahre des Holozäns noch relative kalte und trockene Klimabedingungen, höchstwahrscheinlich als Resultat besonderer regionaler atmosphärischer Zirkulationsverhältnisse. Eine antizyklonale Zirkulationszelle als Resultat eines Hochdruckgebiets über dem Rest des Skandinavischen Eisschilds verhinderte wahrscheinlich das Vordringen warmer und feuchter Luftmassen aus Westen und verursachte damit eine Abschwächung der frühholozänen Klimaverbesserung in dieser Region bis zum endgültigen Zerfall des Eisschilds, was grundsätzlich von der frühholozänen Klimaentwicklung in Westeuropa abweicht.
Die spätglazialen Sedimente des Mondsees (Oberösterreich) wurden im Hinblick auf die regionale Klimaentwicklung und die Reaktion des Ökosystems auf abrupte Klimaschwankungen untersucht. Während die Erwärmung zu Beginn des Holozäns von einer zeitgleichen Reaktion des Ökosystems begleitet wurde, war die Reaktion des Ökosystems auf die Erwärmung zu Beginn des Spätglazials deutlich verzögert. Insbesondere die Ausbreitung von Nadelwäldern und die Reduktion des klastischen Eintrags folgten der spätglazialen Erwärmung erst mit einer Verzögerung von ca. 500–750 Jahren. Die Abkühlung zu Beginn der Jüngeren Dryas war durch eine deutliche Synchronizität zwischen Temperatur- und Vegetationsänderung gekennzeichnet, wohingegen der Anstieg des klastischen Eintrags erst 150–300 Jahre verzögert folgte. Eine komplexe Reaktion des Ökosystems zeigt sich auch während kurzfristiger spätglazialer Klimaschwankungen. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass abrupte Klimaveränderungen durch komplexe und zeitlich variable Reaktionsmuster des Ökosystems gekennzeichnet sind, die hauptsächlich von dessen Klimasensitivität und den ökologischen Ausgangsbedingungen abhängen.
Eine zweite Studie an den Sedimenten des Mondsees konzentrierte sich auf zwei Klimaschwankungen vor ca. 8200 und 9100 Jahren, für die Schmelzwassereintrag in den Nordatlantik und ein damit verbundenes Zusammenbrechen der thermohalinen Zirkulation als Ursache angesehen wird. Durch Warvenzählungen und 14C-Datierungen konnten sowohl die Dauer (ca. 150 Jahre) als auch das absolute Alter der Kältephase vor ca. 8200 Jahren zuverlässig bestimmt werden, welche in guter Übereinstimmung mit Resultaten aus anderen Paläoklimaarchiven stehen. Darüber hinaus wurde eine kurze Warmphase direkt im Anschluss an das Abkühlungsereignis identifiziert, die auch in anderen Klimaarchiven im nordatlantischen Raum nachweisbar ist. Diese wurde wahrscheinlich durch ein Wiedererstarken der thermohalinen Zirkulation verursacht, welches darüber hinaus eine Verschiebung ozeanischer und atmosphärischer Frontsysteme zur Folge hatte. Obwohl andere Klimaarchive auch nach dem Abkühlungsereignis vor ca. 9100 Jahren auf ein Wiedererstarken der thermohalinen Zirkulation hindeuten, finden sich in den Sedimenten des Mondsees keine Anzeichen für eine solche Wärmeperiode, was die Komplexität des globalen Klimasystems verdeutlicht.
Die holozänen Sedimente des Lago d’Iseo (Norditalien) wurden im Hinblick auf die regionale Erdbebenaktivität und den Einfluss von Klima und Mensch auf Erosionsprozesse im Einzugsgebiet und den klastischen Eintrag in den See untersucht. Zahlreiche kleinere detritische Lagen in den Sedimenten spiegeln Eintrag durch extreme Oberflächenabflussereignisse wieder. Während des Früh- und Mittelholozäns zeigt sich eine deutliche Übereinstimmung zwischen erhöhtem klastischen Eintrag und kühleren und feuchteren Klimaverhältnissen, was auf einen dominanten Einfluss der natürlichen Klimavariabilität hindeutet. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Phasen erhöhten klastischen Eintrags während des Spätholozäns teilweise auch eine Korrelation mit erhöhter Siedlungsaktivität, was die Komplexität der Einflüsse auf Erosionsprozesse im Einzugsgebiet verdeutlicht. Darüber hinaus konnten auch fünf größere Ereignislagen nachgewiesen werden, welche durch Rutschmassen und Turbidite gekennzeichnet sind und für die lokale Erdbeben als Ursache vermutet werden. Die jüngste Ereignislage kann mit einem historisch dokumentierten proximalen Erdbeben im Jahr AD 1222 korreliert werden. Für die anderen vier Ereignislagen werden bisher undokumentierte prähistorische Erdbeben als Ursache angenommen.
|
Page generated in 0.0763 seconds