<p>This thesis investigates land reform coverage at the time of the land summit through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Hard news reports, editorials and opinion pieces that appeared in the daily newspapers Beeld, Business day, Sowetan and Sunday newspapers Rapport and Sunday Times between July and September 2005 were analysed in terms of what they reported , issues that received little attention, portrayal of certain issues and sources used. The findings were used to make inference about the degree to which the newspapers in the study fulfill their societal roles.</p>

<p>This thesis investigates land reform coverage at the time of the land summit through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Hard news reports, editorials and opinion pieces that appeared in the daily newspapers Beeld, Business day, Sowetan and Sunday newspapers Rapport and Sunday Times between July and September 2005 were analysed in terms of what they reported , issues that received little attention, portrayal of certain issues and sources used. The findings were used to make inference about the degree to which the newspapers in the study fulfill their societal roles.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis investigates land reform coverage at the time of the land summit through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Hard news reports, editorials and opinion pieces that appeared in the daily newspapers Beeld, Business day, Sowetan and Sunday newspapers Rapport and Sunday Times between July and September 2005 were analysed in terms of what they reported , issues that received little attention, portrayal of certain issues and sources used. The findings were used to make inference about the degree to which the newspapers in the study fulfill their societal roles. / South Africa

Rural South Africa shows high levels poverty, inequality and unemployment and land reform is one strategy adopted to address these problems. However, the land reform programme appears to have limited success in meeting the objectives of poverty reduction, reducing inequality and creating employment. The main research question is ‘How has the implementation of market-based land reform (MBLR), within the three delivery models, contributed to agrarian change in South Africa?’ Sources of data used to answer this question include the 2005 Department of Land Affairs Quality of Life Survey and case studies of contract farming land reform projects in the KwaZulu-Natal sugarcane sector. Analysis of the survey demonstrates land reform has been implemented in a haphazard manner. A number of redistribution projects achieve some degree of commercial success but household participation in projects is generally low. However, beneficiary households do use project land for private purposes so productive activity, albeit not of a commercial nature, is evident. Beneficiary households rely on an array of livelihoods to survive, of which employment on a land reform project is the least prevalent. Satisfaction with land reform is not strongly correlated with profit or employment on a project suggesting owning land holds more value than adopting its previous productive process. Analysis of the contract farming case studies provides deeper insight into the neoliberal land reform model. While productivity gains are evident, ownership of the process of production is uneven and not in favour of the beneficiary. A close relationship between state and industry is critical for land reform to succeed. The capital-intensive nature of the industry and the share of profit across a greater number of owners indicate it would be difficult to scale up this model. MBLR appears to have little impact on existing economic and social structures which reproduce inequality.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.

This study aims to synthesise the land reform programme in South Africa in terms of its multifaceted political and legal policy origins, arrangements and the implementation thereof, with due regard to the international lessons and experiences. The political aspects of the process are given due consideration as they are often linked to the socio--economic aspects of the land reform process. The fact is that the South African government's attempts at land reform have thus far failed to live up to expectations. This study proposes equity-sharing schemes in general and farm worker equity-share schemes in particular as viable modes of land redistribution. There is also a particular focus on the appropriate institutional environment, which is required for a successful and sustainable transfer of ownership and control. Furthermore, the government needs to provide extensive support for the rural poor who have been to a large extent rationed out from the current land reform process. Ultimately, it is conceded that for the next decade at least the targeted beneficiaries of the land reform programme in South Africa that is, "the rural poor, women, and the landless", will have to wait, as has been the case for many developing nations, to receive what will probably be a very small gain, in terms of what was promised and expected after political freedom was attained in 1994. / Thesis (M.Com.)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004

One of the measures introduced in order to address the effects of the racial land discriminatory practices and policies which led to the majority of the South African population being denied access to land prior to 1994 is the national land reform programme. This includes replacement of discriminatory policies with those intended to redress the injustices of colonial and apartheid land dispossession. This study has focused on national land reform programme with specific reference to the land redistribution programme. This has been done by assessing the factors affecting the beneficiaries of the land reform process with reference to the selected land redistribution project in the Cacadu District Municipality in the Province of the Eastern Cape. As a result of this study, key challenges experienced by the beneficiaries of the land reform process were identified. These challenges include the difficulties relating to access to services such as training, mentoring, credit and transport by the beneficiaries of the land reform process; lack of skills , lack of access to markets, and the lack of co-ordination between government departments. In view of these challenges, this study provides recommendations for improving the implementation of land redistribution projects.

The play Miss Julie was published by playwright August Strindberg in 1888. It is a comment on the class issues in Sweden at the time (Leib, 2011). This commentary is achieved through telling the fictional tale of Julie, the daughter of a wealthy Swedish landowner, Jean, her father’s manservant, and Kristin, Jean’s betrothed who is also the house cook. During the course of a night and the next morning, Jean and Julie admit their feelings for one another, sleep together and plan to run away to start a hotel. In the morning, they ask Kristin to join them when they encounter her on her way to church. She refuses and vows to put an end to their plans. Seeing no way out, and fearing the wrath of Julie’s father, Jean hands Julie a razor and she walks outside, the inference being that she will commit suicide. The play Mies Julie is a South African adaptation, by South African playwright Yael Farber, of the August Strindberg play Miss Julie set in a farming kitchen in the Eastern Cape Karoo that premiered at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in 2012. It has since been brought to London, the Edinburgh Festival and New York. Mies Julie presents a power struggle between Julie, the daughter of the white Afrikaans farm owner, and John, her father’s favourite farm worker and the son of Christine, the housekeeper who raised Julie. By altering Christine’s role from that in Strindberg’s play, where she was John’s (there Jean’s) fiancé, to that of John’s mother and Julie’s nursemaid, playwright Yael Farber has brought to the fore an interesting irony of South Africa’s history, which has been observed by Ena Jansen (2011) – white children who are raised, both during and post-apartheid, by black women who become part of the household of the privileged white families they work for.

The government that was voted in, in 1994 initiated and implemented the Land Reform Programme that had three key elements, namely; Land restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. This study was undertaken to examine the limitations that resulted in some of the projects not to succeed. The study took a form of a case study of two farms that were redistributed in 1997 under the Land Redistribution Programme in the Blue Crane Route Municipal area in the Eastern Cape. The findings confirmed a variety of weaknesses that led to the collapse of these farms. Whilst acknowledging that there are some measures that are put in place to address those limitations the, study shows that there is still scope to do more. It is therefore one’s sincere wish that what transpired out of this study will make a positive contribution by providing some elements that can be used as a remedy in advancing the Land Reform Programme.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Land is a precious resource that forms the basis of our security, pride and history. The ownership and use of land have always played an important role in the shaping of all political, economic and social processes in South Africa. Therefore it is a very sensitive issue for all South Africans. Colonialism and the Apartheid policy deprived the majority of South Africans of the right to own land or took away their land, and this contributed to the large degree of prevailing poverty, especially of the rural black population. One of the primary purposes of the first democratic government, elected in 1994, was to introduce land reform that would return 30% of all agricultural land to the previously deprived population. The purpose of this study is to research the government policy, and prevailing theories, on land reform, and the impact of this policy on the socio-economic development of the Cradock and Somerset East districts of the Eastern Cape. The current power behind the new land policy is the land reform programme, which consists of redistribution, security of tenure and land restitution. Land reform means, among other things, the redistribution of land with the main objectives of achieving socio-economic development and reducing poverty. From the research it transpired that land reform is a complex issue with widely divergent opinions. The Government itself changed its policy since 1994, and the World Bank has also change its policy. Of the burning issues are: must land reform mainly deal with land restitution, or rather with socio-economic development; is commercial farming on large farms better for land restitution, or small scale farming on small farms; is the capitalistic viewpoint driven by the market mechanism the best, or a more socialistic approach; is communal ownership of land better than individual ownership; should only applicants with farming experience be considered or also people with no experience? All these issues have proponents, mostly it seams as if compromises between these viewpoints would yield the best results. From the case studies, as well as the literature and interviews, it transpired that support services for emerging farmers are of prime importance. Mentors that assist emerging farmers could make a positive contribution. Existing commercial farmers should also be involved as advisers. It also seemed as if it was very difficult for large groups of unrelated beneficiaries to successfully work on one farm. The success of the policy does not only depend on the mere access to land, as the quality of life and potential job opportunities can only be increased by the provision of support services, infrastructure and other development programmes, which result from land reform. This requires a cooperative partnership between national, provincial and local governments. The socio-economic analysis revealed that there are large scale poverty and unemployment in the districts of Cradock and Somerset East. Although the rural population is on the decline, there still are large rural black and coloured populations that may benefit from land restitution. However, because of the dry climate and poor soil quality, it is unlikely that many of these households could be helped by means of land restitution to escape from poverty. Opinions of experts on the degree to which land reform contributed towards socio-economic development, are divided. It seems that projects where upcoming farmers are assisted by a mentor, or where a small number of beneficiaries, related to each other, are farming together, have a greater chance of succeeding. However, for the land reform programme to meet its objectives, it is important to formulate an adequate land policy to ensure peace, reconciliation and national stability. Without these aspects, economic growth and secure livelihoods cannot be ensured. Effective land programmes can contribute directly to increased production and the reduction of poverty, but only if implemented correctly. Land forms the corner stone of development, but cannot be used or maintained as the only way to decrease or eliminate poverty. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Grond is 'n kosbare hulpbron wat nie net die basis van welvaart vorm nie, maar ook van sekuriteit, trots en geskiedenis. Die eienaarskap en gebruik van grond het nog altyd 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die politieke, ekonomiese en sosiale prosesse van 'n land. Gevolglik is dit ook 'n sensitiewe kwessie vir alle Suid-Afrikaners. Kolonisasie en die Apartheidsbeleid het die meerderheid Suid-Afrikaners ontneem van die reg om grond te besit of hul grond afgeneem, wat bygedra het tot die grootskaalse armoede van veral die landelike swart bevolking. Een van die belangrike doeleindes van die eerste demokratiese regering wat in 1994 verkies is, was om grondhervorming in te stel wat 30% van alle landbougrond weer aan die voorheen benadeelde sektor van die bevolking sou teruggee. Die doel van die werkstuk is om die beleid van die regering, en die teorieë, oor grondhervorming na te gaan en om die potensiële impak van dié beleid op sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling van die Cradock en Somerset-Oos distrikte van die Oos-Kaap te bepaal. Die dryfkrag agter die nuwe grondbeleid is die grondhervormingsprogram, wat bestaan uit herverdeling, sekerheid van eienaarskap en restitusie van grond. Grondhervorming behels onder andere die herverspreiding van grond met die hoofdoel om sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling te bevorder en armoede te verminder. Uit die navorsing het dit geblyk dat grondhervorming 'n ingewikkelde kwessie is waaroor verskeie sterk uiteenlopend standpunte gehuldig word. Selfs die Regering het sy beleid verander sedert 1994, en die Wêreldbank het ook sy beleid verander. Van die brandpunte is: moet grondhervorming hoofsaaklik gaan oor die herverdeling van grond of oor sosioekonomiese opheffing; is kommersiële boerdery op groot plase die beste vir herverdeling of kleinskaal boerdery op klein plase; is die kapitalistiese siening met die markmeganisme as dryfveer die beste, of moet 'n meer sosialistiese benadering gevolg word; is kommunale besit van grond die beste of individuele eienaarskap; moet slegs aansoekers met ondervinding in landbou van grond voorsien word, of ook mense met geen ondervinding nie? Al dié standpunte het voor- en teenstanders, en heelwaarskynlik sal 'n middeweg meestal die beste resultate lewer. Uit die drie gevallestudies, sowel as die literatuur en onderhoude, het dit geblyk dat ondersteuningsdienste vir opkomende boere van kardinale belang is. Mentors, wat hulp aan opkomende boere verleen en hulle help met besigheidsplanne kan 'n positiewe bydrae maak. Hierin behoort bestaande kommersiële boere ook 'n rol speel. Dit het ook geblyk dat dit moeilik is vir groot groepe onverwante begunstigdes om suksesvol op een plaas saam te werk. Die sukses van hierdie elemente van grondhervorming is afhanklik van meer as blote toegang tot grond - die kwaliteit van lewe en moontlikheid van werksgeleenthede kan slegs verbeter word deur die lewering van ondersteuningsdienste, infrastruktuur en ander ontwikkelingsprogramme, wat voortspruit uit grondhervorming. Dit vereis 'n opbouende vennootskap tussen nasionale-, provinsiale- en plaaslike regerings. Volgens die sosio-ekonomiese analises blyk dit dat daar groot armoede en werkloosheid in die Somerset-Oos en Cradock distrikte is. Alhoewel die landelike bevolking daal, is daar nog steeds 'n groot swart en bruin landelike bevolking wat kan baat by grondhervorming. Weens die droë klimaat en swak grondgehalte van dié gebied is dit onwaarskynlik dat baie van dié gesinne met grond herverdeling gehelp sal kan word om uit armoede te ontsnap. Daar was verdeelde opinie by betrokkenes oor die mate waartoe grondhervorming reeds bygedra het tot die bevordering van sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Dit blyk dat projekte waar 'n mentor opkomende boere bystaan, of waar daar 'n klein aantal lede is wat verwant is aan mekaar, 'n groter kans op sukses het. Effektiewe grondprogramme kan moontlik direk bydra tot verhoging in produksie en die uitwissing van armoede - mits dit korrek toegepas word. Grond vorm die hoeksteen tot ontwikkeling, maar kan nie die enigste manier wees om armoede te probeer verlig nie.