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Provision of housing and quality of life : the Geographic study of Extension 44 in the Polokwane MunicipalityNgoatle, Thabang January 2021 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Geographic Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The study focuses on Extension 44 in the Polokwane, an exclusively Black urban Township defined as a liveable geographical space consisting of both activity and awareness space (perpetual) space. Central to this research is its origins and existence as part of the urban racial spatial organization of Polokwane Municipality, viewed in terms of the Colonial, Apartheid and the traditional theoretical models depicting the internal structure of urban centres, including how it fits into the post-Apartheid urban planning policies, the provision of housing (types and quality), including the availability of physical and social infrastructure, how the residents perceive and evaluate these in relation to the residents’ quality of life in that area. The questions raised are (i) when and why was Extension 44 in the Polokwane municipality established? (ii) Who provides what type and quality of housing in the township? (iii) And lastly what perceptions do the residents have regarding housing and living conditions in Extension 44? Therefore, the study draws its significance as falling under both Settlement (Urban) and Behavioural geography. The former deals with origins and the nature of habitable space (settlements) while the latter is concerned, among others, with how people perceive their habitat.
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Factors in the success or failure of selected urban agricultural projects in Nelson Mandela BayFadana, Yanga Yolanda January 2015 (has links)
Sustainable agriculture is explained by Reddy (1995: 22) as the ability for agricultural projects to produce crops and at the same time be able to maintain production without failing. With growing populations in urban areas, the importance of urban agriculture has become increasingly important. This research aims to study the factors that contribute to the success and failure of selected urban agricultural projects within the Nelson Mandela Bay by looking at how the community benefits from two selected community projects. It is however important to note that there are various factors contributing to the success and failure of any project. This research looks into the viability of the environment that the projects are in, the level of community membership, ownership structures, how messages are communicated between stakeholders, and the purpose of the project as well as the resources available to see the project through. Urban agriculture becomes a very important practice to the urban poor, as it subsidizes household income when the produce is sold and reduces expenditure when it is consumed (Kirkland, 2008: 23). Zooming into the Nelson Mandela Bay, it is evident that this practice is also beneficial for the communities in which the projects operate, however, challenges such as theft make such projects dependent on funders and donors.
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Land degradation and settlement intensification in Umhlathuze MunicipalityXulu, Sifiso 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The multifaceted land degradation problem and its associated manifold impacts have attracted
research from different disciplines, resulting in varying definitions of the concept. However, most
researchers agree that human intervention that deteriorates the state of the environment is the central
element. Among the anthropogenic activities that exacerbate land degradation, land cover has been
singled out as the salient element. Rapid and unplanned land cover changes are primary
manifestations of this problem. UMhlathuze Municipality, the study area which has superior
biodiversity richness, is one of fastest growing municipalities in South Africa and is the locale of
significant land modifications in recent decades because of a variety of industrial and residential
developments.
Using Landsat TM imagery acquired for 1984, 1996 and 2004, this study mapped and
quantified land cover change and manifestations of land degradation in the uMhlathuze
Municipality in conjunction with settlement intensification computed from orthophotographs
acquired for 1984 and 2004. Census population statistics were analysed as a reflection of population
dynamics and further to gauge related causes of land cover change. Geographical information
technology (GIT) was applied as an analytical tool.
The results revealed the anthropogenic influences that led to changes in land cover over the 20-
year period between 1984 and 2004. The dominant natural cover classes in 1984 declined
continuously and human-dominated land categories had increased sharply by 2004. Much of
grasslands, forest and wetlands were converted to monotypical agroforestry (sugar cane and forestry
plantations), built-up settlement and mining. These changes engendered complete loss of
biodiversity (floral and migration of fauna). Bare ground, signifying land degradation, was noticeable although it exhibited a fluctuating trend which could be attributable to differences
between the various imagery used. Along with population growth, the area of settlements increased
over the study period and spatially sprawled from urban areas. Settlements showed a fairly stable
spatial configuration over the 20-year period, but became magnified in medium- and high-density
areas. Grassland and wetlands occurring around Richards Bay, as well as indigenous forest near
Port Durnford, were identified as critically threatened ecosystems. The proposed industrial
development zone and port expansion were recognized as having adverse ecological implications
for wetlands. The study concluded that significant land cover changes occurred in the form of
natural land cover giving way to monotypical agroforestry, built-up settlements and mining - all to the detriment of pristine natural habitat. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veelvlakkige probleem van omgewingsdegradasie en die gepaardgaande veelsoortige
impakte lok navorsing uit verskillende dissiplines, wat lei tot verskillende definisies van die konsep.
Tog is die meeste navorsers dit eens dat menslike invloede die sentrale element is wat die toestand
van die omgewing verswak. Van die vele menslike aktiwiteite is grondgebruikverandering
uitgesonder as die belangrikste beïnvloeder van agteruitgang van die omgewing. Veral vinnige en
onbeplande grondgebruikveranderinge verteenwoordig die primêre manifestasies van hierdie
probleem. UMhlathuze Munisipaliteit, die studiegebied met 'n hoë biodiversiteitsrykdom, is een van
die vinnigste groeiende munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n verskeidenheid nywerheids- en
residensiële ontwikkelings beduidende grondgebruikverandering oor die afgelope dekades dryf.
Met behulp van Landsat TM beelde van 1984, 1996 en 2004, is hierdie studiegebied gekarteer
en oppervlaktes gekwantifiseer om grondgebruikverandering en verwante manifestasies van die
agteruitgang van landbedekking in die uMhlathuze Munisipaliteit te konstateer. Tesame hiermee is
die verdigting van nedersettings ook met behulp van ortofoto’s van 1984 en 2004 aangeteken.
Bevolkingsensusstatistieke is ontleed as weerspieëling van die gepaardgaande bevolkingsdinamika
en om moontlike oorsake van verandering in grondbedekking te bepaal. Vir hierdie doel is
geografiese inligtingstegnologie (GIT ) as analitiese instrument toegepas. Die resultate toon antropogeniese invloede lei tot veranderinge in grondbedekking oor die
tydperk van 20 jaar tussen 1984 en 2004. Die dominante natuurlike dekkingsklasse in 1984 het
voortdurend verminder en menslik-gedomineerde kategorieë het teen 2004 skerp gestyg. Baie van
die grasvelde, woude en vleilande is daadwerklik omskep tot monotipiese agro-bosbou (suikerrieten
bosbouplantasies), beboude nedersetting en mynbou. Hierdie veranderinge behels 'n volledige
verlies van biodiversiteit (plantegroei en migrasie van fauna). Kaalgrond, wat dui op die
agteruitgang van grondbedekking, was ook opvallend, hoewel dit 'n wisselende tendens toon wat
ook kan wees as gevolg van die verskille tussen die beeldmateriaal wat gebruik is. Saam met die
groei van die bevolking is bevind dat nedersettings oor die studieperiode toegeneem het en in
tipiese spreipatrone weg van die stedelike gebiede uitbrei. Nedersettings het 'n redelik stabiele
ruimtelike liggingsopset oor die tydperk van 20 jaar getoon, maar het in medium- en hoë- digtheid
gebiedeverdeel. Die voorkoms van grasveld en vleiland rondom Richardsbaai, asook inheemse
woud naby Port Durnford, is geïdentifiseer as krities-bedreigde ekosisteme. Die voorgestelde
nywerheidsontwikkelingsone en hawe-uitbreiding is geïdentifiseer as ontwikkelings met nadelige
ekologiese implikasies vir vleilande. Daar is dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beduidende
voortgaande grondbedekkingveranderinge in die gebied voorkom, waarin natuurlike landdekking
transformeer tot monotipiese agrobosbou, beboude nedersettings en mynbou - alles tot nadeel van
die ongerepte natuurlike habitat.
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A model to forecast the impact of road accessibility on the economic development potential of industrial land in urban areasBotes, Francois Jacobus January 2003 (has links)
Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation firstly outlines the findings of recent studies that have recorded the relationship
between transport and economic development. This includes the assessment of a number of
economic evaluation techniques that are available to predict the impact of improvements in
transport on economic development.
An historic overview is provided of the role that transport has played in the development of Cape
Town. Due to the fact that the phases of development followed international development trends, it
is concluded that development in Cape Town will follow the global trend. A number of economic
growth scenarios are developed for Cape Town to assess how the City will be able to cope with the
socio-demographic challenges facing it in the next century.
The relationship between land price and the economic development potential of land is outlined, as
are the factors that determine industrial land price, namely the demand and supply of industrial
land. The process of determining the economic value of industrial land is described. This includes
the collection and analysis of occupation rent of industrial townships in Cape Town, the calculation
of property values and the calculation of the shadow price of land.
A procedure of determining accessibility to industrial townships in Cape Town was developed.
Firstly, accessibility was defined in broad terms. This was followed by a discussion of each of the
elements of accessibility namely proximity, access and mobility in order to understand the factors
that may impact on the level of accessibility. Finally, the level of accessibility is quantified in terms
of generalised cost.
A regression analysis was undertaken to establish a statistical relationship between the economic
value of industrial land and accessibility to the industrial townships. The development of a
numerical model was based on the regression analyses to forecast changes in industrial land price
given a change in accessibility. The model was then tested on a case study.
The main conclusions of the study are as follows:
(a) The accessibility of industrial land in Cape Town is linked closely to its CSD I Port (it was
not possible to separate the CSD and the port), which is typical of a monocentric city
structure.
(b) There is a positive, significant, quantifiable relationship between accessibility as quantified
by means of generalised cost and the economic value of industrial land, which was
calculated by means of the shadow price technique.
(c) There are a number of conditions that should be met for an increase in local industrial
production potential to be translated into an equal amount of economic output. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif som eerstens die bevindings van onlangse studies op wat die verwantskap tussen
vervoer en ekonomiese ontwikkeling dokumenteer. Dit sluit die taksering van 'n aantal
ekonomiese evaluasietegnieke in wat beskikbaar is om die impak van vervoer op ekonomiese
ontwikkeling te voorspel.
'n Historiese oorsig word verskaf van die rol wat vervoer gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van
Kaapstad. As gevolg van die feit dat die fases van ontwikkeling in die verlede internasionale
ontwikkelingstendense gevolg het, word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Kaapstad die
globalisasie markera, wat tans internasionaal gestalte kry, sal navolg. 'n Aantal ekonomiese
groeiscenarios word vir Kaapstad ontwikkel ten einde te bepaal hoe die stad die sosiodemografiese
uitdagings van die volgende eeu sal hanteer.
Die verwantskap tussen grondprys en die ekonomiese ontwikkelingspotensiaal van grond word
omskryf, asook die faktore wat industriële grondprys bepaal. Die proses van die bepaling van die
ekonomiese waarde van industriële grond word beskryf. Dit sluit die insamel en analise van
besettingshuurdata van industriële dorpsgebiede, die berekening van eiendomswaarde en die
berekening van die skaduprys van grond in.
'n Prosedure is ontwikkel vir die berekening van die toeganklikheid van industriële dorpsgebiede in
Kaapstad. Eerstens is toeganklikheid in breë trekke gedefinieër. Dit is gevolg deur 'n bespreking
van elk van die elemente van toeganklikheid, naamlik nabyheid, aansluiting en mobiliteit ten einde
die faktore wat op die vlak van toeganklikheid mag impakteer te verstaan. Laastens is die vlak van
toeganklikheid gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende vervoerkoste.
'n Regressie-analise is onderneem ten einde die statistiese verwantskap tussen die ekonomiese
waarde van industriële grond en toeganklikheid na industriële dorpsgebiede te bepaal. Die
ontwikkeling van 'n numeriese model is op die regressie-analise gebaseer ten einde veranderinge
in industriële grondpryse te voorspel, gegewe 'n verandering in toeganklikheid. Die model is op 'n
gevallestudie toegepas.
Die vernaamste gevolgtrekkings van die studie is :
(a) Die toeganklikheid van industriële grond in Kaapstad is nou gekoppel aan die sentrale
sakekern I hawe (dit was nie moontlik om die sentrale sakekern en hawe te skei nie), wat
tipies is van n monosentriese staduitleg.
(b) Daar is n noemenswaardige positiewe kwantifiseerbare verwantskap tussen
toeganklikheid, soos gekwantifiseer in terme van veralgemeende koste, en die ekonomiese
waarde van industriële grond wat deur middel van die skaduprystegniek bereken is.
(c) Daar is 'n aantal voorwaardes waaraan voldoen moet word alvorens 'n toename in
plaaslike industriële produksiepotensiaal tot 'n soortgelyke toename in ekonomiese
ontwikelingspotensiaal sal lei.
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An investigation of urban agriculture projects as a local economic development mechanism to alleviate poverty in the Nelson Mandela Bay MunicipalityKhomo, Phumelelo Edwin January 2011 (has links)
Around the globe, towns and cities are growing rapidly in developing countries due to migration. The rate of urban growth outweighs job creation and the ability of most governments to provide basic services and infrastructure. The process of migration often precipitates into high levels of poverty and hunger, leading many urban dwellers to engage in agricultural activities to help themselves in satisfying their food need. The context of the research area is the NMBM townships where urban agriculture projects are taking place. There are three urban agriculture projects that were selected for this study and these are located in three different townships within the NMBM. Two of these projects are located in the Port Elizabeth area, which are the Emmanuel Haven Hydroponics Project, which is located in Motherwell Township, and the Walmer Hydroponics Co-operative that is in Walmer Township. The third project is located in the Uitenhage area near Kwa Nobuhle Township and that is the Tinarha Agriculture Tourism Initiative (TATI). The discussion in this research focuses on the NMBM poverty alleviation projects in the form of urban agriculture as a key driver of LED. The discussion also focuses on different factors that are required for urban agriculture projects to be effective and sustainable in the NMBM. Five project participants from each project responded to a structured questionnaire. Two municipal officials, the Agricultural Technician and the Urban Agriculture Director were interviewed and responded to a separate structured questionnaire. The third official, Assistant Director for Economic Development and Recreational Services was not interviewed but completed a questionnaire. The aim of the interviews was to determine the following from the project participants: (i) The impact of the projects in their livelihood; (ii) The role of the projects in creating employment; (iii) The views of the project participants regarding the sustainability of the projects. vi The aim of the interviews was to determine the following from the municipal managers: (i) The approach of the NMBM to urban agriculture initiatives as a LED strategy; (ii) The role of NMBM to ensure sustainability of the urban agriculture projects. The theoretical base that underpins this research hinges on four theoretical approaches: the basic needs approach, the people-centred development approach, the participation approach and the sustainable development approach. The research method that was chosen for this study is qualitative method included the following data collection instruments a literature review, a documentary analysis, a survey using questionnaires and interviews with project participants and municipal officials responsible for urban agriculture in the NMBM. The literature review formed the conceptual basis against which the information gained from documentary analysis, interviews and questionnaires were analysed. The projects that participated in the study were formed, amongst others, to alleviate poverty, thereby serving one of the basic needs which is food. Food is one of the basic needs in terms of Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs. The data collected in this study revealed that the three projects helped the project participants a great deal in meeting their basic needs, especially the food need. Therefore, there is a direct connection between the Basic Needs theory and the rationale behind the formation of these projects. In conclusion, the researcher has been able to draw a link between the theoretical underpinnings of the study and the practice as represented by experiences of the group sample. The researcher has also been able to demonstrate how the aims and the objectives of the study have been met.
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