This thesis talks about the structure of ideophones in Southern Sinitic. Ideophone is an interesting word class that has been studies in a world atlas, while the Sinitic is just like an enclave under the context. This thesis is a try on analyzing the “state adjectives” and the onomatopoeia Chinese linguistics used to call from the ideophonic perspective. Treating Ruihong (a sub-dialect of Gan) as an entry point, structural markedness of ideophones in Southern Sinitic is described in a formal-functional way. At last, some typological attributes of the Sinitic ideophones have been summarized. Chapter 5 to Chapter 9 is the part of descriptive introduction. Each chapter picks one or several relevant forms of ideophones, and then start analysis about their structural markedness. Each Chapter has its emphasis: Chapter 5 focuses on how to identifying an ideophone from its phonotactic distribution, lack of written form, flexible word class and sound symbolism; Chapter 6 is about the most important XA ideophones in Ruihong, descriptions on characteristics like high tone and checked tone’s wide usage, disappearance of nasal coda after syllable final stop, grammaticalization and deideophonization, etc. are elaborated. Chapter 7 is about two reduplicative forms XX and AXX, comparison on the usage of XA and AXX between Gan, Xiang and other southern Sinitic is this chapter’s focus. Chapter 8 is mainly about prosodic features of the onomatopoeia and the mimicking words. Chapter 9 tries to connect the form and the semantic function, using AABB and AliXY and infix “pat” as examples, a detailed description about how these forms connect with meanings has been given. At last, in the conclusion, summary about the common points and differences in Southern Sinitic are listed. Basically, in the phonetic and phonological part, there are more common points, while in the morpho-syntactic part, differentiation is more apparent. / published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

No description available.

This is a study of the geographical distribution in Indiana and the social distribution in a few Indiana counties of several hundred lexical items taken from the Linguistic Atlas work-sheets. The material was gathered in 1957 and 1958 by means of a questionnaire distributed using a variation of the correspondence method described and shown to be valid by Alva L. Davis in his Ph. D. dissertation "A Word Atlas of the Great Lakes Region" (University of Michigan, 1948). The purpose of this study was to discover what the primary material shows about the northern and southern boundaries of the Midland dialect area in Indiana, and to show what it reveals about the effect of age and education on vocabulary.The study is based on 263 questionnaires consisting of 147 checklists like those used by Davis in his dissertation. The informant was asked to circle the word or expression in each checklist which he would use to express the idea defined in that semantic unit.The study makes frequency counts of the recurring lexical items by a methodology developed by Charles L. Houck and recorded in his "A Computerized Statistical Methodology for Linguistic Geography: A Pilot Study" [Folia Linguistica, I (1967), 80-95] and in his "A Statistical and Computerized Methodology for Analyzing Dialect Materials" (Ph.D dissertation, University of Iowa, 1969). Houck's programs, designed for the IBM 7044, 32K core computer, are adapted in this study to the IBM 360-40, 331K core computer.The first three chapters of this dissertation describe the problem and the method, review related studies, and survey Indiana settlement history. Chapter IV shows the geographical distribution of items in 133 of the checklists, only those which contain items the regional classification of which could be discovered in former studies. Chapter V is a record of the distribution by age and education among the informants from eastern central Indiana of the items in 23 of the checklists. The Appendix contains a sample questionnaire, maps showing the geographical distribution of the items in 50 checklists, and sample computer programs and read-outs.The conclusions in this study conflict with Davis' "A Word Atlas of the Great Lakes Region" in 50 instances out of 96 checklists which appear on both his questionnaire and the one used in the present study. These conclusions suggest that considerable change in vocabulary occurred in the decade between Davis' study and the time the material was gathered for this study.The limited analysis of the distribution of lexical items based on age and education shows little that is surprising. The older informants tend to have more alternate terms for a specific meaning than do the younger ones. The less well educated informants are generally made up of the older ones; therefore, the discovery that the less education, the more variety of vocabulary is likely insignificant.Generally, this study indicates that dialect boundaries among Northern, Midland, and Southern Regions on the East Coast which other studies have shown to extend westward-are blurring considerably in Indiana.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 310-314. / xv, 314 leaves

By 'n dialekgeografiese studie van hierdie aard sal dit by uitstek die verstandigste wees om te begin by 'n omgewing waarin die ondersoeker gebore is en grootgeword het. Die omgang van die ondersoek en die uitgestrektheid van die gebied wat hierby betrokke is maak dit egter vir 'n boorling net so moeilik as vir 'n goeie waarnemer uit enige ander spraakgebied wat ook daartoe in staat behoort te wees om bepaalde foniese, leksikale, grammatiese, semantiese en sintaktiese verskynsels, eienaardighede en tendensies in die spreektaal op te merk. My bekendheid en omgang met Afrikaanssprekendes in hierdie streek wil ek nietemin kortliks soos volg aandui: (a) Wat vir hierdie studie as "randgebiede" beskou kan word. Gebore en opgegroei in Willowmore (19 jaar), onderwysopleiding op Graaff-Reinet (3 jaar). Onderwysondervinding In die distrik Steytlerville (2 ½ jaar). (b) Die eintlike ondersoekgebied. Onderwysondervinding in Oos-Londen en omgewing (6 jaar) , Grahamstad (10 ½ jaar) afgesien van talle lisensies in Oos-Londen en Port E1izabeth en besoeke aan omliggende dorpe en distrikte.

岑寶蘭. / 手稿影印本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院敎育學院. / Shou gao yin yin ben. / Title also in English: The phonology of homonyms : a contrastive study of Guang Zhou hua and pu ... / Cen Baolan. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan jiao yu xue yuan. / 前言 / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 / Chapter 一 --- 背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 二 --- 文獻參考 --- p.3 / Chapter 三 --- 理論根據 --- p.6 / Chapter 四 --- 解釋名詞 --- p.9 / Chapter 五 --- 研究目標 --- p.12 / Chapter 六 --- 研究範圍 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二章 --- 研究方法 / Chapter 一 --- 樣本選取 --- p.15 / Chapter 二 --- 方法限制 --- p.25 / Chapter 三 --- 製訂字卡 --- p.26 / Chapter 四 --- 對照表的編排 --- p.27 / Chapter 五 --- 對應關係表的編排及應用方法 --- p.28 / Chapter 六 --- 二表的錯漏 --- p.33 / Chapter 第三章 --- 廣州話音節結構 / Chapter 一 --- 概說 --- p.36 / Chapter 二 --- 聲母 --- p.37 / Chapter 三 --- 韻母 --- p.39 / Chapter 四 --- 聲調 --- p.42 / Chapter 五 --- 聲母與韻母的結構和限制 --- p.44 / Chapter 六 --- 元音與聲調的配合 --- p.49 / Chapter 七 --- 聲母與聲調的關係 --- p.50 / Chapter 第四章 --- 普通話音節結構 / Chapter 一 --- 聲母 --- p.63 / Chapter 二 --- 韻母 --- p.65 / Chapter 三 --- 聲調 --- p.70 / Chapter 四 --- 普通話音節的結構和限制 --- p.72 / Chapter 第五章 --- 音素對應概況 / Chapter 一 --- 聲母對應 --- p.88 / Chapter 二 --- 韻母對應 --- p.92 / Chapter 三 --- 聲調對應 --- p.101 / Chapter 第六章 --- I－I 對應 / Chapter 一 --- 定義 --- p.104 / Chapter 二 --- 字彙最豐富的對應 --- p.104 / Chapter 三 --- 六字組 --- p.105 / Chapter 四 --- 舌尖前音 --- p.107 / Chapter 五 --- “I－I對´應ح的特點 --- p.109 / Chapter 第七章 --- I－多對應 / Chapter 一 --- “I─多對´應ح的意義及概況 --- p.113 / Chapter 二 --- ／uk／韻母 --- p.114 / Chapter 三 --- p.118 / Chapter 四 --- p.122 / Chapter 五 --- “I─多對´應ح的特徵 --- p.128 / Chapter 第八章 --- 多－I對應 / Chapter 一 --- “多─I對´應ح的定義及概況 --- p.132 / Chapter 二 --- 音節最多的對應 --- p.133 / Chapter 三 --- p.135 / Chapter 四 --- p.138 / Chapter 五 --- 其他顯著的對應情況 --- p.139 / Chapter 六 --- “多─I對´應ح的特徵 --- p.146 / Chapter 第九章 --- 結論 / Chapter 一 --- 同音字字音的一致性 --- p.151 / Chapter 二 --- 同音字字音的差異 --- p.153 / Chapter 三 --- 歸納同音字字音的一致性和差異 --- p.156 / Chapter 四 --- 檢討 --- p.159 / Chapter 五 --- 建議 --- p.161 / 參考書目 --- p.162

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院語文學部. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-151). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan yu wen xue bu. / 導言 --- p.2 / 閩語歷史背景 --- p.3 / 音系 / 與中古音的比較 --- p.6 / 表 --- p.9 / 今音，聲韻調的詳細描寫 --- p.64 / 表 --- p.68 / 連續變調 --- p.90 / 韵聲同化 --- p.92 / 表 --- p.94 / 詞滙 / 常用詞滙表分類 --- p.117 / 古漢語 --- p.136 / 語法特點 --- p.140 / 附錄 / 標音例文 --- p.143 / 再者，引用與參考書目 --- p.150

No description available.

This thesis investigates a number of phonological phenomena in Picard, a Gallo-Romance dialect spoken France: Across-Word Regressive Assimilation and its variation patterns, and the domain-sensitive strategies that the language employs in the Resolution of Vocalic Hiatus (i.e. Semivocalization, Vowel Elision and Heterosyllabification). More generally, the thesis is about "variation" in its broadest sense. It explores variation that occurs within a single prosodic domain as well as the type of variation that operates across domains; while the former is variable and triggered by linguistic and extralinguistic factors (and is thus the subject of sociolinguistic investigation), the latter is invariable and strictly determined by domains. For the analysis of these two types of "variation", I adopt the framework of Optimality Theory. One of the advantages of this framework is that it allows us to account for domain-driven and sociolinguistic variation within a language by means of a single grammar. In the context of domain-sensitive phenomena, this can be accomplished by the decomposition of constraints into their domain-specific counterparts, each of which may be ranked independently within a single grammar to yield the alternations observed across domains. Based on this line of research and influenced by insights from Prosodic Phonology, I propose an approach to the decomposition of constraints in which only prosodic domains may serve for constraint specification. I argue that this is advantageous because it constrains the grammar by imposing limitations on the types of domains that may be subject to decomposition, and captures Prosodic Phonology's view that the interface between phonology and morphosyntax must be indirect, that is, mediated by domains from the prosodic hierarchy. In the context of variation triggered by linguistic and extralinguistic factors, I argue that variable patterns are best analyzed as the result of crucial nonranking of constraints. A posit / Cette these examine un nombre de phenomenes phonologiques dans le Picard, un dialecte Gallo-roman parle en France : l' Assimilation regressive a travers le mot et les patrons de variation qui gouvement ce processus, ainsi que les strategies sensibles aux domaines que la langue emploie pour la Resolution de hiatus vocalique (i.e. Formation de semi-voyelles, Elision vocalique et Heterosyllabification). Plus generalement, la these traite de la « variation,» dans son sens le plus large. Elle explore la variation qui se produit dans un seul domaine prosodique de meme que le type de variation qui opere a travers les domaines; tandis que le premier est variable et declenche par des facteurs linguistiques et extra-linguistiques (etant ansi le sujet d'investigations sociolinguistiques), le dernier est invariable et strictement determine par les domaines. Pour l'analyse de ces deux types de « variation », j'adopte le cadre theorique de la theorie de l'optimalite. L'un des avantages de cette theorie est qu'elle nous permet d'expliquer les variations qui s'appliquent a la fois par le domaine phonologique et par les facteurs sociolinguistiques gouvernant une langue au moyen d'une seule grammaire. Dans le contexte de phenomenes sensibles aux domaines, ceci peut etre accompli par la decomposition de contraintes dans leurs homologues qui sont specifiques sur les domaines, dont chacun peut etre independamment classe dans une seule grammaire pour produire les alternances observees entre les domaines. Base sur cette ligne de recherche et influence par les fondements de la Phonologie prosodique, je propose une approche a la decomposition de contraintes selon laquelle seulement les domaines prosodiques peuvent servir pour la specification de contraintes. Je soutiens que cette approche offre des avantages marques, parce qu' elle contraint la grammaire en imposant des limitations sur les types de domaines qui peuvent etre sujets a la decomposition. De plus, cette approche est compa