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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Processamento de poli(p-fenilenovinileno) (PPV) com pulsos laser de femtossegundos: fabricação de microestruturas óptica e eletricamente ativas / Processing of poly (p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) with femtosecond laser pulses: fabrication of optically and electrically active microstructures

Salas, Oriana Ines Avila 12 July 2018 (has links)
O poli (p-fenilenevinileno), ou PPV, é um polímero de grande relevância tecnológica devido a suas propriedades eletroluminescentes, que têm sido exploradas em diodos emissores de luz orgânicos, displays flexíveis e outros dispositivos optoeletrônicos. Embora o PPV seja um material de importância para muitas aplicações, a sua síntese na nano/microescala não pode ser obtida através do método padrão, o qual utiliza o aquecimento de um polímero precursor poli (cloreto de xileno tetrahidrotiofenio) (PTHT). Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com pulsos de femtosegundo pode ser empregada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas, empregando três diferentes abordagens, permitindo uma nova metodologia para a fabricação precisa de microcircuitos poliméricos complexos, (i) na primeira abordagem, o processo de conversão é obtido pela irradiação de filmes de PTHT com pulsos laser ultracurtos em regiões previamente determinadas, o que leva ao controle espacial da formação de PPV em microescala, (ii) na segunda abordagem, microestruturas tridimensionais dopadas com PTHT foram fotopolimerizadas por absorção de dois fótons. A conversão de PTHT para PPV nestas microestruturas dopadas foi obtida após um tratamento térmico, (iii) na terceira abordagem, a transferência direta induzida por laser (LIFT) com pulsos de femtossegundos permite a deposição controlada de PPV com alta resolução espacial, fornecendo micropadrões 2D, preservando sua estrutura e propriedades ópticas. As estruturas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia óptica de transmissão, microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia confocal de fluorescência. Suas propriedades ópticas foram analisadas através de sistemas de micro-fotoluminescência e micro-absorção implementadas em um microscópio invertido. Medidas de espectroscopia Raman, microscopia de força atômica e medidas elétricas também foram realizadas. Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com laser de fs pode ser explorada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas para fabricar uma variedade de microdispositivos, abrindo novos caminhos na optoeletrônica baseada em polímeros. / Poly(p-phenylenevinylene), or PPV, is a polymer of great technological relevance due to its electroluminescent properties, which have been exploited in organic light emitting diodes, flexible displays and other optoelectronic devices. Although PPV is a material of foremost importance for many applications, its synthesis at the nano/micro scale cannot be achieved through the standard method that uses heating of a precursor polymer poly(xylene tetrahydrothiophenium chloride)(PTHT). This work demonstrates the use of direct laser writing with femtosecond pulses to obtain the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, by applying three different approaches, allowing the precise fabrication of complex polymeric microcircuits, (i) in the first approach the conversion process is achieved by irradiating PTHT films with ultra-short laser pulses in previously determined regions, which leads to the spatial control of PPV formation at microscale, (ii) in the second approach, three-dimensional microstructures doped with PTHT were photopolymerized by two photons absorption. The conversion of PTHT to PPV in these doped microstructures was obtained by a subsequent thermal treatment, (iii) in the third approach, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) with femtosecond pulses enables the controlled deposition of PPV with high spatial resolution, providing 2D micropatterns, while preserving its structure and optical properties. The structures were characterized by scanning electron, fluorescence, transmission and confocal fluorescence microscopies. Their optical properties were analyzed by micro-photoluminescence and micro-absorption setups assembled on an inverted microscope. Raman spectroscopy, electrical measurements and atomic force microscopy were also performed. This thesis shows the use of fs-laser writing methods for the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, to fabricate a variety of microdevices, thus opening new avenues in polymer-based optoelectronics.
2

Processamento de poli(p-fenilenovinileno) (PPV) com pulsos laser de femtossegundos: fabricação de microestruturas óptica e eletricamente ativas / Processing of poly (p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) with femtosecond laser pulses: fabrication of optically and electrically active microstructures

Oriana Ines Avila Salas 12 July 2018 (has links)
O poli (p-fenilenevinileno), ou PPV, é um polímero de grande relevância tecnológica devido a suas propriedades eletroluminescentes, que têm sido exploradas em diodos emissores de luz orgânicos, displays flexíveis e outros dispositivos optoeletrônicos. Embora o PPV seja um material de importância para muitas aplicações, a sua síntese na nano/microescala não pode ser obtida através do método padrão, o qual utiliza o aquecimento de um polímero precursor poli (cloreto de xileno tetrahidrotiofenio) (PTHT). Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com pulsos de femtosegundo pode ser empregada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas, empregando três diferentes abordagens, permitindo uma nova metodologia para a fabricação precisa de microcircuitos poliméricos complexos, (i) na primeira abordagem, o processo de conversão é obtido pela irradiação de filmes de PTHT com pulsos laser ultracurtos em regiões previamente determinadas, o que leva ao controle espacial da formação de PPV em microescala, (ii) na segunda abordagem, microestruturas tridimensionais dopadas com PTHT foram fotopolimerizadas por absorção de dois fótons. A conversão de PTHT para PPV nestas microestruturas dopadas foi obtida após um tratamento térmico, (iii) na terceira abordagem, a transferência direta induzida por laser (LIFT) com pulsos de femtossegundos permite a deposição controlada de PPV com alta resolução espacial, fornecendo micropadrões 2D, preservando sua estrutura e propriedades ópticas. As estruturas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia óptica de transmissão, microscopia de fluorescência e microscopia confocal de fluorescência. Suas propriedades ópticas foram analisadas através de sistemas de micro-fotoluminescência e micro-absorção implementadas em um microscópio invertido. Medidas de espectroscopia Raman, microscopia de força atômica e medidas elétricas também foram realizadas. Este trabalho mostra como a microestruturação com laser de fs pode ser explorada para a síntese de PPV em regiões pré-determinadas para fabricar uma variedade de microdispositivos, abrindo novos caminhos na optoeletrônica baseada em polímeros. / Poly(p-phenylenevinylene), or PPV, is a polymer of great technological relevance due to its electroluminescent properties, which have been exploited in organic light emitting diodes, flexible displays and other optoelectronic devices. Although PPV is a material of foremost importance for many applications, its synthesis at the nano/micro scale cannot be achieved through the standard method that uses heating of a precursor polymer poly(xylene tetrahydrothiophenium chloride)(PTHT). This work demonstrates the use of direct laser writing with femtosecond pulses to obtain the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, by applying three different approaches, allowing the precise fabrication of complex polymeric microcircuits, (i) in the first approach the conversion process is achieved by irradiating PTHT films with ultra-short laser pulses in previously determined regions, which leads to the spatial control of PPV formation at microscale, (ii) in the second approach, three-dimensional microstructures doped with PTHT were photopolymerized by two photons absorption. The conversion of PTHT to PPV in these doped microstructures was obtained by a subsequent thermal treatment, (iii) in the third approach, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) with femtosecond pulses enables the controlled deposition of PPV with high spatial resolution, providing 2D micropatterns, while preserving its structure and optical properties. The structures were characterized by scanning electron, fluorescence, transmission and confocal fluorescence microscopies. Their optical properties were analyzed by micro-photoluminescence and micro-absorption setups assembled on an inverted microscope. Raman spectroscopy, electrical measurements and atomic force microscopy were also performed. This thesis shows the use of fs-laser writing methods for the synthesis of PPV in pre-determined regions, to fabricate a variety of microdevices, thus opening new avenues in polymer-based optoelectronics.
3

Spatially guided angiogenesis by laser-bioprinting

Hosseini Kolkooh, Sayadeh Sara 05 1900 (has links)
L'ingénierie tissulaire est reconnue comme une méthode potentielle pour réparer ou régénérer les tissus endommagés. Malgré de grandes avancées dans l'ingénierie tissulaire, la réussite de la construction de tissus complexes avec des réseaux vascularisés reste un défi. Dans les modèles d'angiogenèse actuels, les cellules endothéliales sont ensemencées au hasard, n'offrant pas de structure organisée. La technologie de bioimpression par laser offre une résolution d'impression précise. Par cette technique, les structures microvasculaires peuvent être construites pour la fabrication d'organes complexes, ou pour modéliser la progression de la maladie ou les modèles de réponse aux médicaments. Dans cette étude, des techniques de bio-impression au laser ont été utilisées pour étudier le guidage de l'angiogenèse in vitro. Deux techniques basées sur le laser, le transfert direct induit par laser (LIFT) et le transfert latéral induit par laser (LIST) sont utilisées. Comparée à LIFT, la technologie LIST offrait des conditions idéales pour l'impression cellulaire telles que la concentration cellulaire requise pour la formation du tubes endothéliaux et l'uniformité du motif désiré. Nous avons réalisé le modelage de la formation de structures de type capillaire dans des motifs organisés via l'impression LIST. Les constructions de type capillaire formées présentent des motifs uniformes. Les structures formées ont été analysées par microscopie confocale et reconstruction d'images 3D. Bien que le développement de la lumière endothéliale soit incomplet, la technique développée possède le potentiel d'atteindre une stabilisation et un développement de la lumière si l'on recrute un deuxième type de cellule tel que les fibroblastes ou les péricytes. / Tissue engineering has been well acknowledged as a potential method to repair or regenerate damaged tissues in the human body, fulfilling the limitations and shortage in autologous and organ transplantations. Despite great advances in engineering tissues with simple geometry and low requirement for oxygen and blood supply such as cartilage, skin and cornea, success in constructing 3D complex tissues with vascularized networks remains a major challenge. Angiogenesis plays an important role in vascular development in vivo. In current angiogenesis models, endothelial cells are seeded randomly not offering precise and desired patterning. Laser-based bioprinting technology offers precise and high cell printing resolution. By using laser-based bioprinting technology, microvascular structures can be constructed as a platform for complex organ fabrication, disease progression and drug response models. In this study, laser-based bioprinting techniques are employed to study angiogenesis guidance in vitro by patterning endothelial cells. Two laser-based techniques, Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) and Laser-Induced Side Transfer (LIST) are used as patterning tools. Compared to LIFT, LIST technology provided ideal conditions for cell printing such as required cell concentration for endothelial tube formation and pattern uniformity. In this study, we achieved the guidance of capillary-like structure formation in desired patterns via LIST printing. The formed capillary-like constructs featured precise patterns and uniformity. The structures were analyzed by confocal microscopy, 3D image reconstruction and frozen section procedure. Though lumen development was incomplete, it possesses the potential to attain further stabilization and lumen development if recruiting a second cell type such as fibroblast or pericyte.

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