Afin de protéger les composants hydrauliques des phénomènes d’érosion par cavitation, les pièces sont très souvent revêtues par projection thermique. Parmi les matériaux qui présentent de bonnes performances contre cette forme d’érosion, certaines recherches, trop rares encore, relèvent les excellentes propriétés de la zircone stabilisée à 8 wt% yttrium (YSZ). C’est pourquoi, dans cette étude, des revêtements YSZ à 8 wt% ont été fabriqués avec différents procédés de projection thermique et post-traités par refusion laser puis ils ont été soumis aux tests de cavitation référencés selon la norme ASTMG32.Le revêtement YSZ a tout d’abord été élaboré par projection plasma atmosphérique (APS). Différentes tailles de poudre YSZ et différentes températures de préchauffage du substrat ont été étudiées pour observer leurs effets sur la tenue en cavitation des échantillons. La simulation de cavitation acoustique de type Caflisch a permis d’estimer la vitesse du jet d'eau et les contraintes exercées par l'effondrement des bulles à la surface des échantillons. Les résultats en cavitation des deux revêtements YSZ et 304SS ont été étudiés et leurs mécanismes discutés.Ensuite et afin densifier ces échantillons, des revêtements composites YSZ-NiCrBSi contenant de 5 à 25 wt% NiCrBSi dans le mélange ont été fabriqués avec le même procédé APS. Les résultats de l'érosion par cavitation montrent qu'une faible adhérence des particules de NiCrBSi vient contrebalancer l'effet positif de la diminution de la porosité dans ces revêtements. Le revêtement YSZ a été finalement post-traité par refusion laser et différents paramètres laser ont été testés pour optimiser leur densification. Il s’avère que la refusion au laser produit une couche refondue dense en surface mais aussi des fissures à l'intérieur des revêtements. Exposés au test d'érosion par cavitation, il a été observé des arrachements importants de la partie refondue du revêtement et un décollement à son interface, d’où une perte de masse rapide. C’est pourquoi, de l'époxy a été utilisée pour infiltrer ces fissures. Le revêtement refondu par laser et infiltré par époxy présente une amélioration significative de la résistance à la cavitation. Enfin, le procédé de projection de plasma sous vide (VPS) qui permet d’obtenir des revêtements très denses a été utilisé pour fabriquer le revêtement YSZ. Un revêtement de porosité inférieure à 1% a été obtenu. En raison de la température élevée du substrat pendant la projection VPS, les liaisons inter lamellaires sont améliorées, contribuant à augmenter significativement la résistance à la cavitation. / In order to protect the hydraulic components from cavitation erosion phenomena, the parts are often coated by thermal spraying. Buck YSZ shows an excellent performance against cavitation erosion. However, the cavitation erosion resistance of YSZ coatings have vaguely been studied. Therefore, in this study, YSZ were manufactured with different thermal spraying processes and post-treated by laser remelting, then they were subjected to cavitation tests according to ASTM G32.The YSZ coating was first manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Various sizes of YSZ powder and different preheating temperatures of the substrate were studied to observe their effect on the cavitation behavior of the samples. The acoustic cavitation simulation of the Caflisch type has been used to estimate the speed of the water jet and the stresses exerted by the collapse of the bubbles on the surface of the samples. The cavitation results of the two YSZ and 304SS coatings were aslo studied to discuss cavitation damage of a thermally sprayed coating.Then in order to densify these samples, YSZ-NiCrBSi composite coatings containing from 5 to 25 wt% NiCrBSi in the mixture were manufactured with the APS process. The results of cavitation erosion show that low adhesion of NiCrBSi particles counterbalances the positive effect of decreasing porosity in these coatings. The YSZ coating was then post-treated by laser remelting and various laser parameters were tested to optimize their densification. It turns out that laser remelting produces a dense surface layer but also cracks inside the coatings. Exposed to the cavitation erosion test, it was observed significant removal of the remelted parts of the coating and, resulting in rapid mass loss. This is why epoxy has been used to infiltrate these cracks. The laser remelted and epoxy infiltrated coating exhibits a significant improvement in cavitation resistance. Finally, the vacuum plasma spraying method (VPS), which provides very dense coatings, was used to make the YSZ coating. A porosity coating of less than 1% was obtained. Due to the high temperature of the substrate during VPS projection, the interlamellar bonds are improved, contributing to a significant increase of cavitation resistance.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho, foram realizados ensaios de tribocorrosão no aço inoxidável AISI 304L, no titânio comercialmente puro (CPTi) e na liga de titânio Ti6Al4V em solução aquosa de 0,90% m/v NaCl. Amostras de ligas de titânio com tratamento térmico superficial de refusão a laser também foram utilizadas. Um tribômetro do tipo pino-no-disco com contracorpo de alumina foi usado. Técnicas eletroquímicas in situ de monitoramento em circuito aberto, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, curvas de polarização e amperimetria de resistência nula foram empregadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o desgaste tribocorrosivo das ligas de titânio é mais intenso do que o observado no aço inoxidável, apresentando perfis de superfície mais irregulares. A análise da impedância eletroquímica mostrou que todos os materiais utilizados apresentam uma rápida recuperação da camada passiva, exibindo módulos e fases um pouco menores do que os medidos antes do desgaste. Sob atrito, os diagramas de impedância apresentam uma forte redução do módulo. Sob desgaste, o expoente α do elemento de fase constante (CPE) atinge seu valor mais baixo, enquanto o parâmetro γ é máximo. As curvas de polarização exibem potenciais menores e densidades de corrente de corrosão maiores durante o desgaste. O tratamento de refusão a laser, embora mude a microestrutura e a dureza superficial das amostras, não indica uma mudança aparente nos parâmetros eletroquímicos sob tribocorrosão, bem como do coeficiente de atrito. Nos ensaios de amperimetria de resistência nula, foi possível estimar a corrente mensurada no ARN por meio do emprego de um circuito elétrico equivalente. A densidade espectral de potência dos sinais de potencial e de corrente exibe a frequência de rotação (1,25 Hz) e seus harmônicos. Para baixas frequências (abaixo de 10 mHz), o decaimento obedece à relação 1 ⁄ e 1⁄ para os sinais de potencial e corrente, respectivamente. / In this study, tribocorrosion tests were performed in stainless steel AISI 304L, commercially pure titanium (CPTI) and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in 0.9% m/v NaCl aqueous solution of. Titanium alloy sample with laser remelting treatments were also tested. A pin-on-disc tribometer with alumina counterbody was used. In situ electrochemical techniques of open circuit monitoring, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves and zero resistance ammeter were employed. Results indicate tribocorrosion wear of titanium alloys is more intense than that observed in stainless steel, presenting more irregular surface profiles. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed all materials used have a fast recovery of the passive layer, showing modulus and phase slightly smaller than those measured prior to wear. Under friction, impedance diagrams show a strong reduction of the modulus. Under rubbing, exponent α of the constant phase element (CPE) reaches its lowest value, while γ parameter is maximum. Polarization curves show lower corrosion potential and higher corrosion current density during rubbing. Laser remelting treatments, although changes microstructure and surface hardness of the samples, does not indicate an apparent change in electrochemical parameters under tribocorrosion, as well as in coefficient of friction. In zero resistance ammeter tests, it was possible to estimate the current measured in ZRA using an electrical equivalent circuit. Power spectral density of the potential and current signals exhibits the rotation frequency (1.25 Hz) and its harmonics. For lower frequencies (below 10 mHz), the decay follows 1⁄ and 1⁄ roll-off for signals of potential and current, respectively.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho, foram realizados ensaios de tribocorrosão no aço inoxidável AISI 304L, no titânio comercialmente puro (CPTi) e na liga de titânio Ti6Al4V em solução aquosa de 0,90% m/v NaCl. Amostras de ligas de titânio com tratamento térmico superficial de refusão a laser também foram utilizadas. Um tribômetro do tipo pino-no-disco com contracorpo de alumina foi usado. Técnicas eletroquímicas in situ de monitoramento em circuito aberto, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, curvas de polarização e amperimetria de resistência nula foram empregadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o desgaste tribocorrosivo das ligas de titânio é mais intenso do que o observado no aço inoxidável, apresentando perfis de superfície mais irregulares. A análise da impedância eletroquímica mostrou que todos os materiais utilizados apresentam uma rápida recuperação da camada passiva, exibindo módulos e fases um pouco menores do que os medidos antes do desgaste. Sob atrito, os diagramas de impedância apresentam uma forte redução do módulo. Sob desgaste, o expoente α do elemento de fase constante (CPE) atinge seu valor mais baixo, enquanto o parâmetro γ é máximo. As curvas de polarização exibem potenciais menores e densidades de corrente de corrosão maiores durante o desgaste. O tratamento de refusão a laser, embora mude a microestrutura e a dureza superficial das amostras, não indica uma mudança aparente nos parâmetros eletroquímicos sob tribocorrosão, bem como do coeficiente de atrito. Nos ensaios de amperimetria de resistência nula, foi possível estimar a corrente mensurada no ARN por meio do emprego de um circuito elétrico equivalente. A densidade espectral de potência dos sinais de potencial e de corrente exibe a frequência de rotação (1,25 Hz) e seus harmônicos. Para baixas frequências (abaixo de 10 mHz), o decaimento obedece à relação 1 ⁄ e 1⁄ para os sinais de potencial e corrente, respectivamente. / In this study, tribocorrosion tests were performed in stainless steel AISI 304L, commercially pure titanium (CPTI) and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in 0.9% m/v NaCl aqueous solution of. Titanium alloy sample with laser remelting treatments were also tested. A pin-on-disc tribometer with alumina counterbody was used. In situ electrochemical techniques of open circuit monitoring, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curves and zero resistance ammeter were employed. Results indicate tribocorrosion wear of titanium alloys is more intense than that observed in stainless steel, presenting more irregular surface profiles. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed all materials used have a fast recovery of the passive layer, showing modulus and phase slightly smaller than those measured prior to wear. Under friction, impedance diagrams show a strong reduction of the modulus. Under rubbing, exponent α of the constant phase element (CPE) reaches its lowest value, while γ parameter is maximum. Polarization curves show lower corrosion potential and higher corrosion current density during rubbing. Laser remelting treatments, although changes microstructure and surface hardness of the samples, does not indicate an apparent change in electrochemical parameters under tribocorrosion, as well as in coefficient of friction. In zero resistance ammeter tests, it was possible to estimate the current measured in ZRA using an electrical equivalent circuit. Power spectral density of the potential and current signals exhibits the rotation frequency (1.25 Hz) and its harmonics. For lower frequencies (below 10 mHz), the decay follows 1⁄ and 1⁄ roll-off for signals of potential and current, respectively.