The launch of the book: The Coal City Poems and Rhyme

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68).

Yes / The GENOVATE Convention took place at the Bradford University on 6th-8th March. During this Convention, the GENOVATE project was publicly presented to the Bradford University's academic staff and stakeholders and, for the first time, partners had the opportunity to meet personally and discuss in detail the Work Packages (WPs) they are each responsible for. The present report is aimed at briefly presenting the main topics and most relevant aspects that emerged during the three day meeting. The report is organized as follows: in Section 1 and 2 a brief overview is provided of the presentations at the GENOVATE Launch and at the International Women's Day Round Table. Section 3 reports on the International Advisory Board meeting; Section 4 describes the Change Academy Model presented on the second day of the Convention, while Section 5 is devoted to the consortium Leads' sessions. Finally, Section 6 reports on the Evaluation Workshop led by the Evaluation Team of UCM. / FP7

No description available.

This dissertation is focused on the quantitative metrics of performance, cost, and reliability for future launch vehicles. Methods are developed that hold performance constant for a required mission and payload so that cost and reliability can be traded. Reliability strategies such as reducing the number of engines, increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio, and adding redundant subsystems all increase launch vehicle reliability. However, there are few references that illustrate the cost of increasing launch vehicle reliability in a disciplined, integrated approach. For launch vehicle design, integrated performance, cost, and reliability disciplines are required to show the sensitivity of cost to different reliability strategies. A methodology is presented that demonstrates how to create the necessary launch vehicle reliability models and integrate them with the performance and cost disciplines. An integrated environment is developed for conceptual design that can rapidly assess thousands of launch vehicle configurations. The design process begins with a feasible launch vehicle configuration and its mission objectives. The performance disciplines, such as trajectory analysis, propulsion, and mass estimation are modeled to include the effects of using different reliability strategies. Reliability models are created based upon the launch vehicle configuration. Engine reliability receives additional attention because engines are historically one of the leading causes of launch vehicle failure. Additionally, the reliability of the propulsion subsystem changes dynamically when a launch vehicle design includes engine out capability. Cost estimating techniques which use parametric models are employed to capture the dependencies on system cost of increasing launch vehicle reliability. Uncertainty analysis is included within the cost and reliability disciplines because of the limited historical database for launch vehicles. Optimization is applied within the integrated design environment to find the best launch vehicle configuration based upon a particular weighting of cost and reliability. The results show that both the Saturn V and future launch vehicles could be optimized to be significantly cheaper, be more reliable, or have a compromise solution by illustrating how cost and reliability are coupled with vehicle configuration changes.

Bibliography: leaves 220-229. / xxiv, 229 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Investigates alternative reusable launch vehicle design concepts and develops a robust guidance strategy for use on the ascent and flyback phases of flight. The first concept vehicle uses air breathing engines to perform a powered return flight to the launch site; the second employs only aerodynamic forces to achieve flyback, returning unpowered. Software simulation shows that a powered return flight delivers more payload than an unpowered return flight. The guidance strategy developed is a numerical guidance system robust enough for use in real time and works by integrating the current state, along the trajectory, to the final state of the vehicle. It then compares the achieved final state to the required target state and calculates the target condition error. A parameterised non-linear optimisation technique is then used to determine the new values of the optimisation parameters required to steer the vehicle from its current position and velocity to the desired position and velocity. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2003

During the summer 2012 a bachelor’s thesis was performed at Autoliv Sweden AB inVårgårda regarding potential improvements on launches, with focus on the purchasingprocess. The activities that were needed to be able to reach the main goal, proposals ofpotential improvements, were divided into three interim goals. The interim goals can beseen as activities along the way containing necessary information that was needed to beable to come up with potential improvements. The approach for the thesis was to first do a literature review on value stream mapping, how development projects at Autoliv Sweden AB are performed and on launches in theautomotive industry based on scientific articles. After the literature review a case study wasmade, using value stream mapping as a tool, on one development project at AutolivSweden AB for investigation of the launch. The result of the case study was presented intwo maps over the administrative stream for the components in the development project;one according to project time plan and one according to how the activities in the launchactual were performed. Based on the literature and the maps from the case study, three potential improvements, that would be relatively easy and inexpensive to implement, were found; (1) Involve thesupplier more and at an earlier stage in the development project, (2) involve the Logisticsdepartment more and (3) implement control level definition on the development projectsas well, not just the parts. The conclusion for this thesis was that if Autoliv Sweden AB decides to implement allproposed improvements both money and time will be saved.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-53).

Bibliography: leaves 220-229. / xxiv, 229 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Investigates alternative reusable launch vehicle design concepts and develops a robust guidance strategy for use on the ascent and flyback phases of flight. The first concept vehicle uses air breathing engines to perform a powered return flight to the launch site; the second employs only aerodynamic forces to achieve flyback, returning unpowered. Software simulation shows that a powered return flight delivers more payload than an unpowered return flight. The guidance strategy developed is a numerical guidance system robust enough for use in real time and works by integrating the current state, along the trajectory, to the final state of the vehicle. It then compares the achieved final state to the required target state and calculates the target condition error. A parameterised non-linear optimisation technique is then used to determine the new values of the optimisation parameters required to steer the vehicle from its current position and velocity to the desired position and velocity. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2003

Stability is an important criterion in the design and performance of launch vehicles. Present day launch vehicles have become more and more flexible due to the constraints of weight reduction, necessarily imposed for enhanced performance of the vehicle. Due to higher flexibility, the launch vehicle stability becomes a concern. Instability in the launch vehicles has been noticed due to three major sources: thrust, aerodynamic forces and combustion induced instabilities. Instability in the launch vehicles may pose problem to the structural integrity leading to structural failure or it may lead to the deviation in the trajectory of the vehicle. Several structural failures of launch vehicles due to instabilities have been reported in the literature. The prediction of the structural response due to various excitations such as thrust and aerodynamic loading is essential to identify any failure scenarios and to limit the vibrations transmitted to the payload. Therefore, determination of dynamic and stability characteristics of a launch vehicle under the influence of different parameters, is of vital importance. Disciplines such as, flight mechanics (dynamics), structural dynamics, aerodynamics, propulsion, guidance and control are closely related in the design and analysis of launch vehicles. Typically, flight mechanics, guidance and control problems consider a rigid vehicle for modeling and simulation purposes. The disciplines of structural dynamics and aeroelasticity consider a flexible vehicle. In order to bring in the effect of flexibility on the flight dynamics of the launch vehicle, structural dynamics and aeroelasticity aspects need to be effected. The preliminary design of a new launch vehicle requires inputs from different disciplines and parametric studies are required to finalise the vehicle configuration. The study of the effect of different parameters on the dynamics and stability of launch vehicles is required. In this context, there is a need to develop an integrated approach that provides tools for the design and analysis of a launch vehicle. The availability of integrated modeling and simulation tools will reduce the requirement of costly prototype development and testing. In the present thesis, an attempt has been made to develop a numerical tool to conduct parametric studies for launch vehicle dynamics and stability. The developed tool is suitable for prediction of onset of instabilities under the influence of different parameters. The approach developed in this thesis is also well suited for specialized analysis of problems involving vertical launch, stage separation, engine shutdown and internal stress wave propagation related to structural integrity. Stability problems due to thrust and the aerodynamic forces (aeroelastic stability) in the launch vehicles/ missiles have been reported in the literature. Most of these works have modeled the vehicle as a beam or by using discrete degrees of freedom. In these works, the effect of thrust or aerodynamic forces on the flexible body modes is investigated and it is shown that the instability may occur in one of the bending modes due to change in the parameters such as thrust or aerodynamic forces. Traditionally, the dynamic characteristics are obtained in a body-fixed coordinate system, whereas the prediction of trajectory (rigid body dynamics) is carried out in an inertial frame of reference. Only few works have addressed the coupling of the rigid body motion and the flexible body dynamics of a vehicle. But these works also, do not consider the total derivative of displacements with respect to an inertial frame of reference. When the integrated equations of motion are derived in an inertial frame of reference, the rigid body motion and the elastic displacements are highly coupled. In this thesis, the rigid body motion and the flexible body dynamics is studied in an inertial frame of reference. The flexible body dynamics of the moving vehicle is studied in an inertial frame of reference, including velocity induced curvature effects, which have not been considered so far in the published literature. A detailed mechanics based model is developed to analyze the problem of structural instabilities in launch vehicles. Coupling among the rigid-body modes, the longitudinal vibrational modes and the transverse vibrational modes due to asymmetric lifting-body cross-section are considered. The model also incorporates the effects of aerodynamic forces and the propulsive thrust of the vehicle. The propulsive thrust is considered as a follower force. The model is one-dimensional, and it can be employed to idealized slender vehicles with complex shapes. The governing differential equations along with the boundary conditions are derived using Extended Hamilton’s principle. Subsequently, the modeling of the propulsive thrust and the aerodynamic forces are included in the formulation. In the literature, the propulsive thrust has generally been modeled as a follower force applied at the nozzle end. Few of the works in the literature have modeled the combustion process in the solid rocket motor and the liquid propellant engine in detail. This is required to understand the combustion induced instabilities. In the present thesis, the propulsive thrust is considered as a follower force and few of the combustion parameters affecting the thrust are considered. In the literature, the modeling of the aerodynamic forces acting on a launch vehicle has been carried out using general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes or by using empirical methods. CFD codes are used to obtain the pressure and the shear stress distribution on the vehicle surface by the solution of Navier Stokes/ Euler equations. The empirical methods have been used to obtain the distributed aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle. The aerodynamic forces are expressed in terms of distributed aerodynamic coefficients. In the present work, the modeling of the aerodynamic forces has been carried out in two different ways: using a CFD package and by using empirical methods. The stability of a system can be studied by determining the system response with time. Eigenvalue analysis is another tool to investigate the stability of a linear system. To study the stability characteristics of the system using eigenvalue analysis, a computational framework has been developed. For this purpose, the finite element discretization of the system is carried out. Further to that, two different methods are utilized for finite element discretization of the vehicle structure: Fourier Transform based Spectral Finite Element method (SFEM) and an hp Finite Element method (FEM). The conventional FEM is a versatile tool for modeling complicated structures and to obtain the solution of the system of equations for a variety of forcing functions. The SFEM is more suitable for obtaining the solution for simple 1D and 2D structures subjected to shock and transient loads, having high frequency content. In this thesis, the spectral finite element model is developed for a vehicle subjected to the propulsive thrust and the aerodynamic forces. Prediction of instability using SFEM, means solving a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Standard computer codes or routines are not available for solving a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. A computer code has been written to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue problem using one of the algorithms available in the literature. An hp finite element model is also developed for launch vehicle. The finite element stiffness and damping matrices due to the thrust, the aerodynamic forces and the rigid body velocity and acceleration are derived using Lagrange’s equations of motion. A standard linear eigenvalue problem and a polynomial eigenvalue problem is formulated for determination of instability regimes of the vehicle. It is important to understand the influence of different parameters such as thrust, velocity, angle of attack etc. on the stability of a launch vehicle. Parametric studies are important during the preliminary design phase of a vehicle to identify the instability regimes. The design parameters can be changed to reduce the possibility of instabilities. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the unstable regimes of a slender launch vehicle for propulsive thrust and velocity as the parameters, neglecting the aerodynamic forces. Comparison between the results based on a Fourier spectral finite element model and a hp finite element model are carried out. Phenomenon of static instability (divergence) and dynamic instability (flutter) are observed. Determination of mode shapes of the vehicle is important for deciding the placement of sensors and actuators on the vehicle. In this context, eigenvectors (mode shapes) for different end thrust and speed are analyzed. Further, numerical simulations are also carried out to determine the instabilities in a slender launch vehicle considering the combined effects of propulsive thrust, aerodynamic forces and mass variation. The finite element model simulation results for aeroelastic effects are compared with the published literature. Stability of a vehicle is analysed for velocity (free stream Mach number) as a parameter, at maximum propulsive thrust, including the effect of aerodynamic forces and mass variation. Phenomenon of static instability (divergence) and dynamic instability (flutter) are observed. With the increase in the Mach number, branching (splitting) and merging of the modes is observed. At higher Mach numbers, divergence and flutter are observed in different modes simultaneously. Numerical simulations are carried out for a typical nosecone launch vehicle configuration to analyse the aeroelastic stability at two different Mach numbers using empirical aerodynamic data. The phenomenon of flow separation and reattachment is observed at the cone-cylinder junction. The stability of a typical vehicle under propulsive thrust and aerodynamic forces is investigated using CFD derived aerodynamic data. The aerodynamic pressure and shear stress distribution for a launch vehicle are obtained from the CFD analysis. The effect of different parameters such as combustion chamber pressure, tip mass and slenderness ratio on the stability of a vehicle is studied. In the later part of the thesis, solution methodology for the time domain response for a coupled axial and transverse motion of a vehicle is developed. The axial responses (displacements and velocities) of a typical vehicle subjected to axial thrust are determined using direct integration of the equations of motion. The axial displacements due to two different thrust histories are compared. The axial velocities with time at different locations are determined. The time domain and the frequency domain responses for a representative vehicle subjected to a transverse shock force are determined using Spectral Finite Element method (SFEM). The system of equations for a coupled axial and transverse motion of a vehicle is developed. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the coupled axial and transverse response of a vehicle subjected to axial and transverse forces. The coupling of rigid body motion with the elastic displacements is illustrated. The thesis is comprised of seven chapters. The first chapter gives a detailed introduction to launch vehicles and covers literature survey of launch vehicle dynamics and stability. The dynamics and stability related aspects of flexible structures are also discussed. In chapter 2, a detailed mathematical model of a slender launch vehicle is developed to analyze the problem of structural instabilities. Chapter 3 deals with the finite element discretization of the vehicle structure using two different methods: Fourier spectral finite element method and an hp finite element method. In chapters 4 and 5, numerical simulations are carried out to determine the instabilities in a slender launch vehicle considering the effects of propulsive thrust, aerodynamic forces and mass variation. In chapter 6, solution methodology for the time domain response for a coupled axial and transverse motion of a vehicle is developed. The last chapter gives the conclusions and the future scope of work. To summarize, this thesis is a comprehensive document, that not only describes some detailed mathematical models for launch vehicle stability studies, but also presents the effect of aerodynamic, propulsion and structural loads on the launch vehicle stability. Linear stability analysis of a representative vehicle is carried out for prediction of onset of the instabilities under the influence of different parameters such as velocity, thrust, combustion factors etc. The correlation between the stability analysis and the time domain response is established. In short, the matter presented in this thesis can serve as a useful design aide for those working in the launch vehicle design.