<p>In September 2003 Sweden had an election whether or not to have the euro. Sweden chose to stand outside the co-operation of the European Monetary Union, despite having joined the European Union several years before. We thought that this aspect made it interesting for us to examine what motives Swedish exporting companies have in their choice of currency. The group developed theories and factors of potential impacts on companies’ choice of currency. The model was named the L.I.K-model, which is short for Lasson, Isacsson and Kullberg, the surname of each group member. The model was tested on twenty companies through telephone interviews. The theories and factors were divided into internal and external factors. Overall the internal factors as the company loans, transaction cost, matching and policy has had the largest impact on the companies. The external factors as the political condition, industry and introduction of the euro have also had a large impact in their choice of currency. All theories and factors had an impact on some of the companies and we also concluded that there were no major factors left out in our model.</p>

<p>The suggested theory is based upon many vital concepts of prior models, especially that of the Uppsala model because of its use of a Stages approach. What separates the proposed model and that of Uppsala is the divergence from the concept of incremental movement through Stages. Instead, Stages are reached on a conditional basis, which allows for free movement between Stages based on certain factor conditions. The model was founded on an interaction between the degree of a firm's ability, and the degree of a firm's motivation, which in turn depicted a certain level of commitment as regards forein entry mode choice. Propositions were created to test the validity of the factors, as well as for testing how strategy also plays a role in entry mode choice. As this study was deductive, after the theory was developed with the help of existing literature, empirical testing was then able to take place on a sample of consumer product companies. Transaction Cost Analysis, the Eclectic Paradigm, and the Network theory was also instrumental in the development of this theory; therefore the paper includes an extensive literature review prior to the disussion of the theory. The results of empirical testing are then included, as well as an in depth analysis of those resuls. The analysis contains a detailed description of the findings from each specific proposition, and ends with a discussion of the combined results. Finally, the conclusions are presented to summarize the results, and to offer thoughts on practical implications as well as suggestions for further research.</p>

<p>This paper presents the already well explored field on recruiting alternatives for a manager position in a subsidiary located abroad. The aim of the dissertation is to distinguish different criteria described in literature that influence the choice between home or host country manager. Furthermore, the aim is to find out if there are additional criteria that might influence the choice. The research is concentrated on Swedish companies that have subsidiaries abroad. A quantitative survey is chosen and information is collected via a homepage based questionnaire. The research accounts for 80 Swedish companies selected from a larger population. The analysed results are combined with propositions. The propositions are based on the theoretical framework which includes different theories about home/host managers and the criteria that influence the choice of one of the alternatives. Several conclusions are drawn after an elaborated analysis of the questionnaire. </p>

<p>The purpose of our essay is to investigate and compare the general and operational risk management in the private and public sector. As an introduction to the subject we describe the differences and similarities between the two sectors. Our survey is based on the term risk, the definitions of risk management, its development and finally the process of risk management. Since our survey is focusing on operational risks we also describe the operational process and the specific operational risks.</p><p>The method we used to investigate the subject is a quantitative method. A survey was sent to 100 companies in Sweden, of which 50 were private companies and 50 were public companies. We analysed the data in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). By doing this we found that the private companies indeed are more developed than the public companies. But the public companies are not that far behind and our five hypotheses, in which we had drawn the conclusion that the public sector was poorly developed, were not always verified. </p><p>The report is written in Swedish, which is our mother tongue.</p>

<p>Under det gångna året uppmärksammades ett antal skandaler inom näringslivet. De händelser man kan dra sig till minnes är medias massiva kritik mot de bonusavtal som ABB:s och nu senast Skandias ledningar tillskansat sig. Försvarsledningen som kritiserades efter det att man brutit mot gällande representationsregler och Systembolagets att butikschefer anklagades för mutbrott. </p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att ekonomijournalistiken ska kunna utföra en kritisk granskning av näringslivet och den offentliga sektorn. </p><p>Vi skapade en modell med följande innehåll: Journalisten, Arbetsmiljö, Sanktionssystem, Juridiska klimatet och Pressen som politiskt maktmedel. </p><p>Vi genomförde två undersökningar. Dessa byggde på primärdata. Dels undersökte vi journalisternas attityd till sin granskande roll och dels näringslivets syn på granskningen. Detta gjordes för att få både de granskade och granskarnas åsikter. Vi genomförde våra intervjuer via telefon. De svar vi fick har analyserats och kopplas till vår teori. </p><p>Vi har i vår analys konstaterat att granskningen låter sig påverkas av ett flertal olika förutsättningar. I vår slutsats kom vi fram till att det finns förutsättningar för att affärspressen ska kunna verka granskande. Dock är det så att affärspressen främst granskar företag som har ett underhållningsvärde, det vill säga att det finns ett publikt intresse av dem. Därmed kommer den stora massan av företag aldrig att hamna i affärspressens fokus.</p>

<p>The purpose with this thesis is to demonstrate that other factors than the existing set of rules could influence the Management Group’s decision in regards to depreciation of goodwill. We have explained the conflicts between the management group and the stakeholders by using the Agency Theory and the Stakeholder Model. We have used the Positive Accounting Theory to describe how the management group’s opportunistic behaviour decides which accounting method to use. The data that was collected was composed by secondary data in the form of the companies’ annual reports. The analytical tests were executed by using the Chi-square test. The test results of our part-hypothesis shows that three of them had significant connections. The connections shows that depreciation of goodwill is carried out in a large extent when following situations occur; negative result, down turn in stock price and in connection with a change of Managing Director. The results of our part-hypothesis demonstrate that other factors than the existing legislation affect the decision of depreciation of goodwill. How can this be explained? According to us, one reason can be that the management group has the possibility to make decisions with their own interest in mind, due to the “grey zone” that in our opinion exists in the current set of rules.</p><p>The dissertation is written in Swedish.</p>

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine if the judgments of accountants differ, in different cases, between the old and the new law. The method we used to investigate the differences was a combination of experimental and non experimental. Our analysis is based on a survey investigation with ten cases. These cases are produced from a model in which the accountant tests his independence. The survey was sent by mail to about a hundred accountants. The result of our investigation shows that the judgments don’t differ between the laws. The accountant has become more aware of his independence due to the self regulation in the new law.</p><p>The dissertation is written in Swedish.</p>

<p>Nowadays the world of football has become more commercial than before. As a result of this the clubs' financial status is getting more and more important. Therefore the UEFA has given the national federations a specific task to make sure that the clubs from each country follow certain standards of maintaining the football credibility. The Swedish federation has decided that the Swedish clubs must follow the so-called “elitlicensen”. </p><p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate what type of organizational control mechanism developed by Ouchi (1980) the Swedish clubs prefer. The different mechanisms are: bureaucracy, clan and market. Bureaucracies are characterised by rules that state what one is allowed to do and what consequences it will have if one does not follow them. Markets rely on competition to neutralize opportunistic actions. Individuals that want the same thing and therefore have made common standards that they follow build a clan.</p><p>To come up with a conclusion to our statement we have used metaphorical thinking. We think of Football Europe as a concern. The UEFA is the parent company, the national federations are subsidiary companies to UEFA and the clubs are in their turn subsidiary companies to the nationell federation. </p><p>We have interviewed one representative from each club by phone and let them answer seven different questions. We wanted them to decide which of the organizational control mechanisms they preferred in each question.</p><p>For each mechanism we had an alternative. </p><p>We found that the clubs do not prefer the same mechanism in all the seven questions. The answers varied depending on which type of transaction the question concerned. However, there were a majority of bureaucratic answers and the clubs wanted rules that control their and other clubs' actions. They did like the existing system, elitlicensen, however preferably they wanted to add some criteria, such as for example prognoses. </p><p>The dissertation is written in Swedish.</p>

<p>The purpose with this disertation is to find if there are selected factors which can force companies to grow. We have chosen five factors which we think can force the companies; market, strategy, profitability, demographic and institutional factors. We want to examine if there are differences between small and larger companies, and if there are differences between the lines of business.</p><p>The intention to growth is also influenced by different factors. The organization and the board have an effect on the development. There are also factors that can obstruct the growth, for example control. With a small company you have a large control which also means security.</p><p>We have visited seven companies in three different lines of business. The questions were identical but with open answers. </p><p>The result of our case study indicates that companies can be forced to grow. Three of the chosen factors definitively force companies to grow. Two of the factors are dependent of each other, but there are no differences between the lines of business or small</p><p>The conditions for real growth are a combination of the intention to growth, obstructions for growth and the force to growth.</p><p>The dissertation is written in Swedish.</p>

<p>The purpose of this dissertation is to find out which parameters service companies are using in order to create customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Theories that we have chosen to consider deal with relationship marketing, service quality, different types of loyalty, customer value, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, loyalty programs, customer clubs, monetary benefits and social bonds. From parts of these theories we have created a model that we claim show how companies in the service sector create satisfied and loyal customers. To test our model in reality we conducted a case study with three companies in the bank sector. After the case study we refined our model so it better reflects reality. Our findings are that the parameter called social bonds has a significant importance for the companies we have studied. Monetary benefits and loyalty programs are other factors that the companies use to create satisfied and loyal customers. None of the companies we have studied use customer clubs as a parameter to create satisfied and loyal customers. More research has to be done and some suggestions for this will be given.</p>