<p align="justify">It is widely recognized that increased participation in international trade and investment can serve as an engine for economic growth and development.<font size="1">1 </font>Implicit in international trade is the principle of comparative advantage that generally provides that states should trade with each other because they are better off by maximizing their production potential for some products and, through trade, obtain products they do not have or produce with less efficiency.<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">2 </font>Such comparative advantage, <em><font face="Arial,Arial">inter alia</font>, presupposes a well-regulated trading system. Though attempts have been made to regulate the multilateral trading system by the GATT 1947 which was but meant to form only part of an agreement on the stillborn International Trade Organization (ITO), the first rule based World Trade Organization (WTO) was established only in 1995 and a number of countries have acceded to it thence. While there is no consensus on whether developing countries in general and the least developed countries (LDC s)<font size="1">4 </font>in particular are beneficiaries of the system<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">5</font>, some countries have embarked on the accession process.<font face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">6 </font>Ethiopia is one such country.</em></p>

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Management in Public Policy (MMPP) in the Governance School, Faculty of Law, Commerce and Management, University of the Witwatersrand / It is human nature to pursue happiness. This pursuit of happiness is in many cases obtained through hard work. People work in order to provide for their families and they obtain satisfaction if their families are happy with their provision. It is thus never an employees’ motive or desire to be dismissed from work or have bad relations with his/her employer. It is important to minimize conflicts between employers and employees in any country because it helps reduce the socio-economic problems that these conflicts may foster in societies. Governments use labour laws and policies to manage labour disputes. However, if these policies do not seem to be achieving what they are supposed to then that may suggest policy failure. This study looked particularly at the effectiveness of institutions dealing with labour dispute resolution in Lesotho. The purpose of the study was to establish reasons for why, despite all the legal frameworks relating to labour relations in Lesotho, there seems to be an escalation of disputes. It was found that lack of public participation, especially of employees and employers, in the formulation and implementation of policies, laws and regulations relating to labour relations leads to the escalation of disputes. This simply means that involving stakeholders in issues that affect them from the onset can reduce the level of disputes because the majority would have understood what labour relations entails. A qualitative study was used and data was collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 31 participants, focusing on people who are mostly affected by labour relations in Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. The participants were chosen purposively to suit the study being undertaken. However, data collection was a limitation to this study because it was difficult for the researcher to secure appointments with participants. The study made the following recommendations: it is through the effectiveness of institutions that labour disputes can be reduced, especially Ministry of Labour and Employment (Department of Labour), Directorate of Dispute Prevention and Resolution (DDPR), labour court, and labour appeals. However, the social partners, especially trade unions and employers’ organizations, also play a critical role in ensuring wellfunctioning labour relations are in place. / MT2016

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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Thesis (LL.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (D. Phil.(Sos.)--University of Pretoria, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009. / Thesis advisor: Xiaoping, Shen. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in International Studies." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-71). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003. / Word processed copy. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122). Also available online.

Thesis--Hamburg. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-326).

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a medical system with a unique medical philosophy that continues to guide the contemporary turning out of new pharmaceutical formulae. The clinically-proved effective components of these formulae are being extracted by means of modern technology. Natural Chinese medicines account for approximately 30% of the global sales volume of all medicines, and the international market-size of the TCM industry is increasing rapidly. The TCM industry depends on the patent protection of the results of its R&D no less than does any other industry. However, the patent examination guidelines of many important jurisdictions are hostile to the granting of patents to TCM products and processes. This is partly attributable to the vast differences between the philosophies of TCM and Western medicine, and to the imperfect understanding in many jurisdictions (particularly where Western Medicine is dominant) of the former. To this considerable degree, patent law fails to accommodate the TCM industry. Consequently, the TCM inventor will be left open to the depredations of the ‘free-rider’ phenomenon, the circumstance in which the inventor loses the benefits of his invention, and his investment in it, to a purloiner. The research examines the compatibilities between patent law and TCM, and argues that patent policy shall be adjusted to better accommodate the characteristics of TCM. Other forms of IPR protection are also discussed in comparison with patent with the purpose of illustrating the significance of patent in protecting TCM inventions. / published_or_final_version / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy