The reasearch is to discussice the relationship between water supply and drainage for plan, implement, improvement and management in leadfram plant. The purpose is to discuss and improve the relationship for below coefficients: equipment capability, manufacture target, efficiency and management of water used and role of manufacture department. The major conclusions in this study: 1. It will affect the whole implement result: the ability, target, technology of enviriment manager in the company. 2.It should be controlled any time on the requirement of manufacturing target ,requirement of hardware ability and drafted the expand plan and preparation in advance. 3.For the target of environment management ,we should use the stable improvement method in quality concerned and rule of law followed. 4. For the mass production is the main purpose for a company, we have to communicat with each departments to build the correct thinking for working impelement. The meaning on management of the conclusion in this study: 1.Yield control is the source of competed vantage on same kind products. 2.The equipment plan effects the management and controller of follow-up operation. 3.The accurate execution of maintain plan and the stuff of operators are the key point that effects the yield. 4.The efficiency of equipment is the key point that effects the cost

With the development of smaller and higher density surface mount packages like Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) and Ball Grid Array (BGA), solder joints¡¦ strength of the electronic components has a greater impact on the reliability of an end product. Also, the decrease in size of consumer products such as cellular phones, PDAs and MP3 players, has increased the frequency of accidental drops resulting in solder joint cracks and eventually malfunction of the products. With legislation put in place by government and industrial bodies, electronics companies are driven to eliminate the uses of lead in their products. It thus leads to the concern of reliability of lead-free solders as interconnects. The present work aims at studying the effects of drop impact on the strength of solder joint of lead free solder (Sn4Ag0.5Cu) and BGA substrate metal finish electrolytic Ni and Au. In this study, the effects of internal stresses in BGA Ni layer and Pre-treatment Micro-Etching processing on the strength of Sn/Ag/Cu solder joint are investigated. The drop test and peel off test are adopted in testing the strength according to the standard of JEDEC. The drop test results have shown that the compressive internal stresses in the Ni layer have worse effects on the joint strength than tensile internal stresses can affect. The failure modes are analyzed and can be concluded that all failures occur at the interface of IMC and the surface of Ni layer on BGA substrate. The drop test results have shown also that the strength of the solder joint with the lower concentration of SPS in pre-treatment micro-etching is stronger and all the failures occur at the interface of IMC and the surface of PCB Cu Pad. Comparing with the effect of internal stress in Ni layer, SPS concentration in pre-treatment micro-etching to affect the solder joint strength is more significant.

Rationale: The rate of acquisition of drug self-administration may serve as a predictor of later drug-taking behavior, possibly influencing vulnerability to initiate drug use. Objectives: The present study examined the effects of perinatal (gestation/lactation) lead exposure on adult rates of acquisition of intravenous (i.v.) heroin self-administration and cocaine self-administration using an automated procedure that included both Pavlovian and operant components. Methods: For Experiment 1, female rats were gavaged daily with 0 or 16 mg lead for 30 days prior to breeding with nonexposed males. Metal administration continued through pregnancy and lactation and was discontinued at weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21). Animals born to control or lead-exposed dams received indwelling jugular catheters as adults and subsequently were tested daily in a preparation where sessions included an initial 3-hr autoshaping period followed by a 3- hr self-administration period. During autoshaping, heroin (.018 mg/kg) infusions were paired with the extension and retraction of a lever when a lever press was not made for 15 sec, while infusions occurred during self-administration only when a lever press was executed (FR-1). The criterion for acquisition was a 2-day period during which a mean of 10 infusions/session occurred during self-administration. Animals were given 35 days to reach criterion. Results: Findings from Experiment 1 showed the proportion of rats meeting the lever-press response criterion for heroin when tested as adults was lower among lead-exposed animals. In Experiment 2, cocaine (.20 mg/kg) was presented to animals that underwent the same metal-exposure regimen, surgical procedures and methods with variations only in the number of infusions that were automatically administered during the Pavlovian component. Criterion for cocaine acquisition was a mean of 50 infusions over a two-day. In Experiment 2, a greater proportion of leadexposed animals reached the criterion for cocaine acquisition. Conclusions: Developmentally lead-exposed animals showed a decrease in vulnerability to initiate drug-taking behavior when presented with heroin in the adult phase, relative to controls. In contrast, developmentally lead-exposed animals showed an enhanced vulnerability to reach the criterion for cocaine self-administration. Clinical relevance of developmental exposure to lead and the attendant vulnerability to self-administer drugs of abuse is discussed.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1905. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript. Illustrated by authors. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 28, 2009)

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1894. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Holograph [Handwritten and illustrated in entirety by author]. C. D. Grove determined to be Claude Devlin Grove from "Directory of Male Students and Instructors From 1871 to 1901, of the School of Mines and Metallurgy of the University of Missouri". Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 9, 2010)

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Queensland, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

The frequency variation of various nuclear interactions under lead has been studied by comparing the number of different kinds of stars produced in Ilford G5 emulsion exposed directly to the air, and under 15.1cm and 10.lcm of lead. From these observations the attenuation lengths in lead are found to be: 320 +/- 12g. per cm^2 for all stars; 274 +/- 27g. per cm^2 for stars with charged primaries; 200 +/- 35g. per cm^2 for stars with uncharged primaries, excluding simple evaporation stars. The size-frequency distribution of stars and its relation to the composition of the emulsion is discussed.

Lead and lead-tin solder were widely used in premise plumbing in North America until the 1980’s. Although this soldering practice has reduced significantly, lead release from older premise plumbing remains a concern. Utilities often use corrosion inhibitors to protect the piping in the distribution system and reduce lead release in premise plumbing. This study compares sodium silicates and phosphates as corrosion inhibitors for lead release in low alkalinity water. The study was carried out at the J.D. Kline Water Treatment Plant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The experimental design compared sodium silicates (concentration of 18mg/L) and zinc orthophosphate (concentration of 0.8mg/L) as corrosion inhibitors at a pH of 7.3 for three disinfectant treatment groups (high chloramines (3mg/L), low chloramines (1mg/L), and chlorine (1mg/L)).